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Showing papers on "Reducer published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Jul 2013
TL;DR: This paper proposes an abstraction mechanism that simplifies the design, development, implementation, and reuse of algorithms for multi-material 3D printing by providing an application programming interface for specifying the desired object and for defining parameters for the reducer tree and tuner network.
Abstract: Multi-material 3D printing allows objects to be composed of complex, heterogenous arrangements of materials. It is often more natural to define a functional goal than to define the material composition of an object. Translating these functional requirements to fabri-cable 3D prints is still an open research problem. Recently, several specific instances of this problem have been explored (e.g., appearance or elastic deformation), but they exist as isolated, monolithic algorithms. In this paper, we propose an abstraction mechanism that simplifies the design, development, implementation, and reuse of these algorithms. Our solution relies on two new data structures: a reducer tree that efficiently parameterizes the space of material assignments and a tuner network that describes the optimization process used to compute material arrangement. We provide an application programming interface for specifying the desired object and for defining parameters for the reducer tree and tuner network. We illustrate the utility of our framework by implementing several fabrication algorithms as well as demonstrating the manufactured results.

102 citations


Patent
26 Dec 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a speed reducer is provided for reducing rotation of an actuator of a variable compression ratio mechanism and for transmitting the reduced rotation to a control shaft of the VCR mechanism.
Abstract: It is an object to increase the reliability and durability by minimizing mixing/entry of foreign matter (contaminants) into a speed reducer. The speed reducer is provided for reducing rotation of an actuator of a variable compression ratio mechanism and for transmitting the reduced rotation to a control shaft of the variable compression ratio mechanism. The actuator and the speed reducer are attached to a sidewall of an engine main body with a housing therebetween. An oil filter, which removes contaminants from within lubricating oil, is attached to the housing with an oil-passage-forming body therebetween. A portion of the lubricating oil supplied from the oil filter immediately after having been filter-purified is supplied via a bypass oil passage, formed in the oil-passage-forming body and the housing, into a speed-reducer accommodation chamber of the housing.

54 citations


Patent
20 Mar 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a drag reducer for shale gas fracture and a preparation method of the drag reduction was proposed. But the performance of the proposed drag reduction has not yet been evaluated.
Abstract: The invention relates to a drag reducer for shale gas fracture and a preparation method of the drag reducer. The drag reducer comprises the following components in percent by mass: 20-35 percent of water-soluble high-molecular polymer, 1-5 percent of stabilizing agent, 20-30 percent of inorganic phase-splitting agent, 0.01-0.1 percent of chelating agent, 0.5-2 percent of cosolvent and the balance of water; the water-soluble high-molecular polymer is prepared by carrying out random copolymerization on three monometers, namely free radical initiated acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-sodium methallylsulphonate and sodium acrylate and has the molecular weight of between 6,000,000-10,000,000; and the stabilizing agent is formed by copolymerizing the 2-acrylamido-2-sodium methallylsulphonate and the sodium acrylate and has the viscosity average molecular weight of between 100,000-500,000. According to the drag reducer, the functional monomers are introduced on the basis of the conventional polyacrylamide, and therefore the anti-shearing performance of the drag reducer in a pipeline is improved; and the drag reducer has the characteristics of no organic solvent existence, high dissolution speed and high drag reduction rate and is free of fungicides, thereby being economic and environment-friendly.

33 citations


Patent
08 May 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a robot reducer transmission performance comprehensive testing device is presented, where the reducer output end torque angular displacement sensor and a brake are arranged on the same axis on the level direction.
Abstract: The invention discloses a robot reducer transmission performance comprehensive testing device. The robot reducer transmission performance comprehensive testing device comprises a base (14), wherein a drive motor (1), a first coupling (2), a reducer input end torque angular displacement sensor (3), a second coupling (4), a to-be-tested reducer (5), a third coupling (6), a reducer output end torque angular displacement sensor (7), a fourth coupling (8) and a brake (9) are arranged on the base (14), share the same axis on the level direction, and are connected in sequence, and the drive motor (1), the reducer input end torque angular displacement sensor (3), the to-be-tested reducer (5) and the reducer output end torque angular displacement sensor (7) are respectively arranged on the base (14) through a motor support (10), a first support (11), a to-be-tested reducer support (12) and a second support (13). The robot reducer transmission performance comprehensive testing device meets the requirements of transmission performance tests such as high precision composite roller movable teeth transmission reducer ratio, return difference and efficiency, and thus testing efficiency and testing accuracy are high.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a computational and experimental analysis of the churning loss of planetary speed reducers, and compare the results with the computational ones to validate the model and the results of an experimental testing campaign on a specially designed gearbox.
Abstract: Planetary speed reducers are applied in a wide range of applications. Their main advantages are the compact design and high power density. For this reason, the demand for high effi ciency gearboxes is continuously increasing and this is also why models to predict the additional churning loss, characteristic of this kind of gearing, are required. The particular confi guration of the planetary speed reducers, in fact, entails an additional motion with a circular path around the gearbox axis of the planetary gears due to the rotation of the planet carrier on which they are mounted and this induces an additional source of loss. Having effi ciency prediction models allows, in fact, comparison of different solutions during the design step. Literature provides some prediction models for ordinary gears but no models are still available for planetary gears. This report introduces a computational and experimental analysis of this kind of loss. Many simulations have been performed and the infl uence of many operating conditions like lubricant level and temperature and the rotational speed of the planet carrier have been studied. Moreover, the results of an experimental testing campaign on a specially designed gearbox are presented and compared with the computational ones to validate the model. The two approaches give results in good agreement.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new speed reducer mechanism was designed to check the reducer ratio and contact points between the balls and inclined planes using a numerical method and FEM analysis.
Abstract: A review of the recent trends of robots would show that robots are gradually being miniaturized. However, most commercially available speed reducers suffer from the limitations in terms of structure and vibration when applied to small robots. A new speed reducer mechanism was designed to check the reducer ratio and contact points between the balls and inclined planes. Contact force analysis between the gear curves and the balls and contact force analysis between the balls and inclined planes were conducted using a numerical method and FEM analysis. This virtual prototype simulation provided essential data and analysis foundation for the physical prototype’s manufacture and testing. Meanwhile, it also provided the important basis for optimizing the tooth profile and the performance. A speed reducer was manufactured to check the performance. This manufactured thin plate-type speed reducer imposed less compressive stress on the tooth profile and the balls, which greatly increased the facility of the robot.

26 citations


Patent
31 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the steering motor, a cardan joint and a speed reducer are connected in sequence, and a steering main pin is arranged at one end of an output shaft of the speed reduction, and an absolute type encoder is mounted at the other end of the output shaft.
Abstract: The utility model provides a steer-by-wire device capable of independent steering and driving an electric automobile and a suspension system thereof. The steer-by-wire device comprises a steering motor, a cardan joint and a speed reducer which are connected in sequence, wherein the speed reducer is a worm gear reducer with a mechanical self-locking function, a steering main pin is arranged at one end of an output shaft of the speed reducer, and an absolute type encoder is mounted at the other end of the output shaft of the speed reducer. The utility model further provides a suspension system matched with the steer-by-wire device. The steer-by-wire device is simple and compact in structure, position keeping in the driving process of the automobile can be achieved through a mechanical locking method, and complexity of a steering system is lowered. The suspension system matched with the steer-by-wire device can be used for independently controlling steering of wheels to achieve steering of front wheels and rear wheels, pivot steering and horizontal movement in any direction, and the suspension system is suitable for being used in narrow spaces where flexible steering is needed.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a focal reducer was developed for CQUEAN (Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse), which is a CCD imaging system on the 2.1 m Otto Struve telescope at the McDonald observatory.
Abstract: A focal reducer is developed for CQUEAN (Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse), which is a CCD imaging system on the 2.1 m Otto Struve telescope at the McDonald observatory. It allows CQUEAN to secure a wider field of view by reducing the effective focal length by a factor of three. The optical point spread function without seeing effects is designed to be within one pixel (0.28300´´) over the field of view of 4.820´ × 4.820´ in optimum wavelength ranges of 0.8 ? 1.1 μm. In this paper, we describe and discuss the characteristics of optical design, the lens and barrel fabrications and the alignment processes. The observation results show that the image quality of the focal reducer confirms the expectations from the design.

24 citations


Patent
10 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated parameter test device of a speed reducer is presented, which adopts the torque sensors and the infrared temperature sensor to test the integrated parameters of rotation speed, torque, transmission efficiency and temperature rise of different types of speed reducers.
Abstract: The invention discloses an integrated parameter test device of a speed reducer. The integrated parameter test device comprises a one-dimensional X-directional load regulation platform, a magnetic powder brake, a two-dimensional Y and Z-directional speed reducer regulation platform, a three-dimensional X,Y and Z-directional motor regulation platform, a motor, a turbine worm reducer, two torque sensors, a torque sensor height adjustment stand, an infrared temperature sensor and four pairs of flanges. The test platform has a simple structure, is convenient for operation, and can rapidly and accurately regulate and position components with different input and output shaft centers in a test system. The test device adopts the torque sensors and the infrared temperature sensor to test the integrated parameters of rotation speed, torque, transmission efficiency and temperature rise of different types of speed reducers.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient deterministic approach is applied to globally solve speed reducer design problems and results indicate that this study obtains a better solution comparing with the other existing methods.
Abstract: The optimal design problem of minimizing the total weight of a speed reducer under constraints is a generalized geometric programming problem. Since the metaheuristic approaches cannot guarantee to find the global optimum of a generalized geometric programming problem, this paper applies an efficient deterministic approach to globally solve speed reducer design problems. The original problem is converted by variable transformations and piecewise linearization techniques. The reformulated problem is a convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem solvable to reach an approximate global solution within an acceptable error. Experiment results from solving a practical speed reducer design problem indicate that this study obtains a better solution comparing with the other existing methods.

21 citations


Patent
30 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for testing the performance of a reducer for a robot joint is presented, which consists of a mechanical part and an electric control part; the mechanical part comprises a servo motor, a measured reducer, an angle measuring device, a torque sensor and a loading arm coaxially connected in sequence.
Abstract: The invention discloses a system for testing a comprehensive performance of a reducer for a robot joint. The system comprises a mechanical part and an electric control part; the mechanical part comprises a servo motor, a measured reducer, an angle measuring device, a torque sensor and a loading arm coaxially connected in sequence; all the parts are fixed on a horizontal guide rail by a bracket; the measured reducer is provided with a temperature sensor; the electric control part comprises an industrial control computer, a motion control card, a data collecting card, a counting card and a temperature collecting module; the motion control card is connected with the servo motor by a servo driver; the data collecting card is connected with a signal output end of the torque sensor and a torque monitoring end of the servo driver; the counting card is connected with a signal output end of the angle measuring device; and the temperature sensor is connected with a computer serial port by the temperature collecting card. According to the system for testing the comprehensive performance of the reducer for the robot joint, the comprehensive performance of the reducer for the robot joint can be tested; and the system is simple in structure, high in test precision and high in universality.


Patent
30 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a cycloidal pin gear speed reducer is used to reduce axial load and radial load on the upper bearing and the lower bearing, and a standard pipeline for a shell in the center is adopted so as to enable the shell to be convenient to manufacture and economic and practical and widely applied to installing of a vertical type cycloidalpin gear speed reduction.
Abstract: A cycloidal pin gear speed reducer rack comprises an upper connecting flange, a lower connecting flange, a shell body and a bearing flange, the shell body is arranged in the center of the upper connecting flange and provided with a hollow cylindrical body, and the bearing flange is arranged in the shell body. An upper bearing is arranged on the bearing flange, and a lower bearing is arranged on the lower connecting flange. A ribbed plate which is used to connect the upper connecting flange, the bearing flange and the lower connecting plate is arranged on the edge of the interior of the shell body. An overhauling window which is used to overhaul is arranged on the shell body. The cycloidal pin gear speed reducer rack is simple in structure. Axial load and radial load on the upper bearing and the lower bearing are greatly improved, and a standard pipeline for a shell in the center is adopted so as to enable the shell to be convenient to manufacture and economic and practical and widely applied to installing of a vertical type cycloidal pin gear speed reducer. Meanwhile, the shell body is provided with the overhauling window, the cycloidal pin gear speed reducer rack is convenient to maintain only when the overhauling window is required to be opened in overhauling and overhauling.

Patent
23 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The lifting table top has a small volume, good lifting stability, low motor power and high bearing capacity, dispenses with changing and damaging the original table top and is especially suitable for offices.
Abstract: The invention relates to the field of office supplies and provides a lifting table top The lifting table top comprises a table top cover plate, switches and two support assemblies, wherein each support assembly comprises a base, a motor, a speed reducer, a screw rod, two support rods and torsion springs; the motor, the speed reducer and the screw rod are installed in the base; the speed reducer is connected with the screw rod; the motor is connected with the lower ends of the two support rods by the speed reducer and the screw rod; the two support rods are connected by the torsion springs; the table top cover plate comprises a base plate, a top decoration plate and lateral decoration plates; the switches are installed on the top decoration plate or the lateral decoration plates; the upper ends of the support rods are connected with the base plate; and the two support assemblies are symmetrically arranged left and right along the center of the base plate The lifting table top has the following advantages that the lifting table top has a novel and compact structure, a small volume, good lifting stability, low motor power and high bearing capacity, dispenses with changing and damaging the original table top and is especially suitable for offices


Patent
Tamura Shiro1
22 Feb 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a lightweight motor drive assembly for a vehicle is provided in which vibration is less likely to occur, which includes an electric motor (3), a speed reducer (4) configured to reduce the rotation speed output from the electric motor, and a differential (5) configurable to distribute the rotation output from a speed reduction to right and left vehicle wheels.
Abstract: A lightweight motor drive assembly for a vehicle is provided in which vibration is less likely to occur. The motor drive assembly includes an electric motor (3), a speed reducer (4) configured to reduce the rotation speed output from the electric motor (3), and a differential (5) configured to distribute the rotation output from the speed reducer (4) to right and left vehicle wheels. A rotor (7) of the electric motor (3) includes a spindle (17) rotatably supported by a first bearing (15) and a second bearing (16), and a rotor core (18) mounted on the outer periphery of the spindle (17). The spindle (17) includes a tubular, hollow, rotor core mounting portion (19) having an inner diameter larger than the diameter of a cylindrical first bearing fitting surface (24) on which the first bearing (15) is fitted. A first shaft portion (21) is coupled to an end plate (20) closing the end portion of the rotor core mounting portion (19) on the side of the rotor core mounted portion (19) close to the speed reducer (4).

Patent
01 Mar 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a worm wheel of a reducer of an electric power steering apparatus is described, which is manufactured by integrally injection-molding a hub, a boss, and a gear forming part.
Abstract: Disclosed is a worm wheel of a reducer of an electric power steering apparatus which is manufactured by integrally injection-molding a hub, a boss, and a gear forming part, thereby making it possible to increase a forming performance of the worm wheel and reduce an amount of material, and increasing a mechanical durability and frictional characteristics of the worm wheel to allow the reducer to be stably used for a long time, and a method for manufacturing the same.



Patent
11 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a wheel motor drive axle for electric vehicles is proposed, which consists of an axle case, a motor, a one-stage reducer and a two-stage reduction.
Abstract: The utility model relates to a wheel motor drive axle for an electric vehicle. The wheel motor drive axle for the electric vehicle comprises an axle case, a motor, a one-stage reducer and a two-stage reducer of the same structure as the one-stage reducer. The one-stage reducer and the two-stage reducer respectively comprise a sun wheel, a plurality of planet wheels and a planet carrier. The planet wheels are arranged outside the sun wheels and connected with the planet carriers, and the planet wheels and the sun wheels are fixed through gear rings. The sun wheel of the one-stage reducer is connected with a drive shaft of the motor, the planet carrier of the one-stage reducer is connected with one end of a differential axle, the other end of the differential axle is connected with the sun wheel of the two-stage reducer, and the planet carrier of the two-stage reducer is connected with a hub. The wheel motor drive axle for the electric vehicle has the advantages of being compact in structure, reasonable in design, convenient to install and good in stability, due to the fact that parts such as a gearbox and a differential mechanism required by a centralized motor for driving the vehicle are eliminated, so that a drive system is simplified, the weight of the parts is lightened, and the arrangement of the whole vehicle is benefited.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to install fixed guide vanes to improve the part load efficiency of pump as turbine (PAT) in mini/micro hydropower plants.

Patent
20 Mar 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive test platform for a marine shafting, which mainly comprises a variable frequency motor, a speed reducer, a thrust bearing, a shafting and accessories, a loading device, a water lubricating unit, a hydraulic power unit and a monitoring and control unit, is presented.
Abstract: The invention discloses a comprehensive test platform for a marine shafting, which mainly comprises a variable frequency motor, a speed reducer, a thrust bearing, a shafting and accessories, a loading device, a water lubricating unit, a hydraulic power unit, a monitoring and control unit, a foundation and a machine base, wherein the machine base is mounted on the foundation; various major components are mounted on the machine base; an output end of the variable frequency motor is connected with the speed reducer; the variable frequency motor drives the shafting and the accessories to rotate through a high elastic coupling; the loading device is arranged at a tail shaft of the shafting, and is communicated with a liquid way of the hydraulic power unit; a plurality of fixing supports are mounted in the shafting; the water lubricating unit is communicated with a tail bearing, intermediate bearings and a thrust bearing by water pipes; and the monitoring and control unit is used for controlling a test condition, monitoring the major moving components in a test process, and acquiring major test parameters. The test platform can measure data, such as an applied load, a bearing supporting force, shaft power, shafting vibration and a lubricating state of the tail bearing, so that bases are provided for optimum designs of structures and mounting modes of the shafting and the tail bearing.

Patent
12 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a variable valve actuation apparatus with a speed reducer between a timing sprocket and a camshaft for changing a phase of the camber relative to the sprocket, while reducing normal rotationation/reverse-rotation of an electric motor is presented.
Abstract: In a variable valve actuation apparatus with a speed reducer between a timing sprocket and a camshaft for changing a phase of the camshaft relative to the sprocket, while reducing normal-rotation/reverse-rotation of an electric motor, the speed reducer includes an eccentric rotation member connected to an output shaft of the motor, an annular member connected to the sprocket, a plurality of rollers installed between an inner toothed portion of the annular member and an outer peripheral surface of the eccentric rotation member, and a cage connected to the camshaft for circumferentially partitioning the respective rollers, while permitting a radial displacement of each roller. Depending on a dimension of a clearance space between the eccentric rotation member and the annular member, a suitable one of a plurality of roller sets, each having a different outside diameter, is selected, and then the selected rollers are installed.

Patent
03 Jun 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a variable compression-ratio mechanism (20) capable of varying an engine compression ratio in accordance with a rotational position of a control shaft (24), and a speed reducer (44) configured to reduce in speed a rotor power of an actuator and transmit the speed-reduced rotational power to the control shaft.
Abstract: There are provided a variable compression-ratio mechanism (20) capable of varying an engine compression ratio in accordance with a rotational position of a control shaft (24); a speed reducer (44) configured to reduce in speed a rotational power of an actuator and transmit the speed-reduced rotational power to the control shaft (24); and a speed-reducer accommodating case (43) accommodating the speed reducer (44). An input shaft of the speed reducer (44) which is connected to the actuator has a shaft center line extending along a horizontal direction, and at least a part of the input shaft is kept under a lubricating oil retained in the speed-reducer accommodating case (43). The input shaft of the speed reducer (44) is swung by a predetermined swing angle to avoid inadequate lubrication of the input shaft of the speed reducer (44), during an operating state where the engine compression ratio is maintained constant.

Patent
Su Hwan No1
18 Jun 2013
TL;DR: In this article, an electromechanical brake system with a base carrier provided with a pair of pad plates for application of pressure to a disc, a caliper housing supported by the base carrier to be movable forward and backward to apply pressure to the pad plates, and a pressing member including a ball nut installed at the caliperhousing to convert rotational motion into rectilinear motion to applying pressure to pad plates and a ball screw coupled to the ball nut.
Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electromechanical brake system includes a base carrier provided with a pair of pad plates for application of pressure to a disc, a caliper housing supported by the base carrier to be movable forward and backward to apply pressure to the pad plates, a pressing member including a ball nut installed at the caliper housing to convert rotational motion into rectilinear motion to apply pressure to the pad plates and a ball screw coupled to the ball nut, a force sensor installed at the ball nut to sense load produced by the ball nut, a motor to produce rotational force to operate the pressing member, and a speed reducer connected to a rotating shaft of the motor to transfer driving force to the pressing member, wherein the speed reducer may be adapted to change a reduction ratio depending on presence of load sensed by the force sensor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the choice of motor and transmission with reference to the dynamic operating range of the motor and to the general case in which there is alternation of the power direction through the reducer is discussed.


Patent
27 Mar 2013
TL;DR: The star wheel speed reducer as discussed by the authors consists of a base and an involute transmission part with small teeth difference in the base, where gears are lubricated with gear oil and rolling bearings with bearing grease, and a sealing part is arranged on the two sides of the first and second bearings respectively.
Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of involute speed reducers with small teeth difference and in particular relates to a grease lubricated star wheel speed reducer for a bearing. In a base, gears are lubricated with gear oil and rolling bearings are lubricated with bearing grease. The star wheel speed reducer comprises a base and an involute transmission part with small teeth difference in the base. The star wheel speed reducer is characterized in that an input shaft is supported in an inner hole of a fixing bracket by two first sealed bearings; each planet gear is supported on double eccentric bushings by two second sealed bearings; the two ends of double eccentric shafts are respectively supported in inner holes on the two side walls of the fixing bracket by third sealed bearings; eccentric sections on the double eccentric shafts are supported in pin holes of the planet gears by two fourth sealed bearings; an output shaft is supported in an inner hole of the base by first and second bearings with space rings; and a sealing part is arranged on the two sides of the first and second bearings respectively. The star wheel speed reducer has the beneficial effects that the bearing runs reliably, so the speed reducer has long service life and low noise.