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Showing papers on "Reference Daily Intake published in 1984"


Journal Article
TL;DR: All groups show adequate or excess intake levels of calories, protein, and fat when either the 24-h recall or the 3-day diary values are considered, and a comparison of these results with prior reports of nutrient intake among Seventh-day Adventists is presented.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that the diet of elderly women in New York is somewhat deficient for adequate skeletal homeostasis, and the vitamin D status of each patient should be determined and proper supplements prescribed.
Abstract: Eleven postmenopausal complete denture patients participated in a study to evaluate some possible predictors of osteoporosis. Most participants in the study reported a low caloric intake and consumed considerably less than the recommended daily allowances of sodium, cholesterol, calcium, fluoride, magnesium, zinc, and folic acid. Many participants in the study were taking additional daily vitamin and mineral supplements. The CCT as measured on radiographs of the second phalynx of the fifth digit of the right hand correlated linearly with the CBD corrected for soft tissue. Panoramic radiographs revealed that all individuals had severe residual ridge resorption. All serum calcium and phosphorus means were within the normal range, while more than 60% of the patients had below normal plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In conclusion, although based on a small sample, it appears that the diet of elderly women in New York is somewhat deficient for adequate skeletal homeostasis. Ideally, the vitamin D status of each patient should be determined and proper supplements prescribed. However, the high cost of analysis suggests that dietary analysis be used on a selected but more frequent basis. Radiation techniques for measuring skeletal porosity are also too complex to perform on a routine basis and should, like dietary analysis, be reserved for patients in whom other clinical signs and symptoms indicate metabolic bone disease.

37 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The energy and nutrient intake of 6 and 12-month-old weaned Swedish infants was studied by means of 24-h recalls and the daily intake of vitamin D exceeded the RDA to such a degree, that the present level ofitamin D supplementation through oral drops is questioned.
Abstract: The energy and nutrient intake of 6 and 12-month-old weaned Swedish infants was studied by means of 24-h recalls Milk-cereal follow-up formulas played a dominating role in the diet, contributing 57 per cent of the total energy intake at 6 months and 26 per cent at 12 months The ratio between the macronutrients was characterized by a high-protein and low-fat intake; 16-17 per cent of energy derived from protein and 29-33 per cent from fat at 6 and 12 months respectively The protein intake was also high in absolute figures: 33 g per kg body-weight at 6 months and 42 g per kg at 12 months The mean daily energy intake for these normally growing infants was 75 per cent of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) at 6 months, and the need for a revision of the energy allowances in infancy is discussed The estimated daily intake of iron was equal to the RDA at 6 months and 80 per cent of the allowance at 12 months The daily intake of vitamin D exceeded the RDA to such a degree, that the present level of vitamin D supplementation through oral drops is questioned

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that many women were consuming usual amounts of energy, calcium, iron, magnesium, vitamin B-6, and, especially, zinc and total folate that were 30% to 50% below recommended levels.
Abstract: A two-year survey of the dietary consumption and supplement use patterns of adult women was conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Participants were asked to record their diet on two randomly selected days per month over a two-year period. Each subject filled out an average of 19 records a year, for an overall 71 % return rate. Because of the sampling design, it was possible to estimate each woman’s “usual” or average daily dietary and total intake (diet plus supplements) of 15 nutrients. Many women were consuming usual amounts of energy, calcium, iron, magnesium, vitamin B-6, and, especially, zinc and total folate that were 30% to 50% below recommended levels. It was also found that the women generally took vitamin/mineral supplements for nutrients already adequately supplied in the diet. Low nutrient intakes may have been due, in part, to underreporting of food intakes.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this pilot study indicated that a long-term intervention trial was feasible in Linxian and that the RDA dose level of vitamins was effective in ameliorating certain nutritional deficiencies prevalent in the study population.
Abstract: As part of a pilot study to assess the feasibility of a long-term intervention trial to be done in Linxian, People's Republic of China, nutritional status and compliance were assessed in villagers taking daily multivitamin pills containing the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Before the start of the trial and again during its 4th month, nutritional status was assessed by laboratory tests and a dietary interview. Compliance was assessed in all subjects by pill counts and in a subset by urinary riboflavin loading-dose tests. At the outset of the trial, the study population had widespread biochemical and dietary deficiencies of ascorbic acid and riboflavin. As expected, subjects taking a daily pill had significantly improved status for these vitamins during the study. Compliance as measured by pill counts was excellent, with over 90% of the subjects taking at least 80% of their daily pills. Mean urinary excretion of a riboflavin loading dose entered and remained in the normal range after 3 weeks of supplementation, indicating that compliance did not fall off over time. Compliance was similar in normal subjects and in those with a prior diagnosis of esophageal dysplasia. Compliance also was nearly as good in subjects receiving monthly home visits as in those receiving weekly home visits from the barefoot doctor (village paramedical worker). The results of this pilot study indicated that a long-term intervention trial was feasible in Linxian and that the RDA dose level of vitamins was effective in ameliorating certain nutritional deficiencies prevalent in the study population.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall nutrient intakes were at a slightly lower level than those described previously, and changes in recreational activity level and influences of climate may also be important factors affecting food energy and nutrient intake at this age.
Abstract: A study of the usual nutrient intake of a sample of 183 healthy 4 year olds is reported. These children have been the subject of a longitudinal study from birth. Data include daily intakes of food energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, minerals, and vitamins. Minor differences in nutrient intake were present between the sexes. Overall nutrient intakes were at a slightly lower level than those described previously. The methodological considerations of such a community nutrition study are discussed, including the intrinsic sources of error which may have contributed to the observed differences. Changes in recreational activity level and influences of climate may also be important factors affecting food energy and nutrient intake at this age.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The majority of the children consumed adequate protein but the caloric consumption was low and thiamine riboflavine and nicotinic acid are almost adequate, while calcium iron and vitamin A are consumed in less than recommended quantities.
Abstract: This article discusses the results of a study undertaken in order to assess the food and nutrient intake of rural children in Kambadur block a drought prone area of Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh State in India. In this study 12 rural children were followed ranging in age from 27 months to 8 years of age. Tables are provided with data on the daily food intake and the average intake of nutrients. The majority of the children consumed adequate protein but the caloric consumption was low. Thiamine riboflavine and nicotinic acid are almost adequate. Calcium iron and vitamin A are consumed in less than recommended quantities. To improve the nutrition of children requires education of the mothers by advising them to increase food itself and increase the intake of protective foods especially vitamins and minerals to reduce the high incidence of vitamin deficiencies and anemia.

2 citations


01 Nov 1984
TL;DR: Certain human nutrient requirements have been specified more precisely as a result of long-term use of CDD's, and related studies are included.
Abstract: Human nutritional requirements are summarized, including recommended daily intake and maximum safe chronic intake of nutrients. The biomedical literature on various types of chemically defined diets (CDD's), which are liquid, formulated diets for enteral and total parenteral nutrition, is reviewed. The chemical forms of the nutrients in CDD's are detailed, and the compositions and sources of representative commercial CDD's are tabulated. Reported effects of CDD's in medical patients, healthy volunteers, and laboratory animals are discussed. The effects include gastrointestinal side effects, metabolic imbalances, nutrient deficiencies and excesses, and psychological problems. Dietary factors contributing to the side effects are examined. Certain human nutrient requirements have been specified more precisely as a result of long-term use of CDD's, and related studies are included. CDD's are the most restricted yet nutritionally complete diets available.

2 citations