Showing papers on "Reference Daily Intake published in 1988"

Guidelines for use of dietary intake data.

Abstract: This article presents the guidelines from the report of the ad hoc Expert Panel on Guidelines for Use of Dietary Intake Data. The report was prepared under terms of a contract with the Life Sciences Research Office of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology to provide the Food and Drug Administration with a working reference for evaluating dietary intake data. The guidelines represent the Expert Panel's conclusions on appropriate ways to interpret dietary data relating to (a) prevalence of consumption of particular levels of foods or food components, (b) comparisons of intake of different groups within the U.S. population, (c) time trends in consumption of foods or food components, and (d) relationships of intake of a food or food component to a given health outcome. The guidelines address general issues concerning dietary data collection and statistical concerns as well as specific issues important in interpretation of dietary data. J Am Diet Assoc 88:1258, 1988.

Nutritional requirements in cystic fibrosis: a review.

Abstract: Summary Food intake is often low in cystic fibrosis (CF), although the patient usually needs more than the standard recommended daily allowance (RDA). Clinics giving food supplementation from an early age report improved survival and nutritional status. Nutritional improvement has been facilitated by improved forms of pancreatin. An additional calorie intake in CF is required to compensate for losses due to malabsorption and to allow for catch-up growth when necessary. With advanced pulmonary disease there are additional requirements for infection and increased work of breathing. There is also evidence for an increased basal metabolic activity in CF, perhaps related to the fundamental intracellular biochemical disorder. Together these factors add to a daily need for 120%-150% RDA for optimum growth and homeostasis.

Vitamin-mineral supplement use: association with dietary intake and iron status of adults.

Abstract: Although vitamin-mineral supplement use is increasing in the United States, few researchers have examined whether supplement users have better nutritional status than do nonusers. Data from 10,515 persons examined in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) were used to compare mean dietary intakes of several nutrients and food groups, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin between regular supplement users and nonusers aged 16 to 74 years. Prevalences of impaired iron status also were compared between user groups. Users consumed more vitamin C and ate fruits and vegetables more frequently than did nonusers in all age/sex groups. No significant differences in mean iron status indicators were observed except in the 65 to 74 year age/sex groups: transferrin saturation among men and mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin among women. In each case, users had higher values than nonusers in this age group. Prevalences of impaired iron status did not differ between users and nonusers in any age/sex group. In general, iron status was not associated with supplement use.

Food intake in a multicultural southwestern population I. General patterns

Abstract: In order to obtain information about food intake and liking in a Southwestern population, a questionnaire was administered to 176 Anglo, Hispanic, Navajo and Jemez Indian elementary school children. Frequencies of intake of certain foods, particularly foods indigenous to the Southwest, were different from those of the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, implying that all Americans do not eat from a “common table.” The results suggest that regional and cultural factors should be considered in making dietary recommendations and in planning nutrition education curricula.

Vitamin status in patients with chronic renal failure.

Abstract: Many factors complicate the effort for a recommendation on individual vitamin requirements in CRF. On the basis of our present incomplete knowledge about the handling of vitamins in uremia, suggestions for appropriate supplementation only of water-soluble vitamins are given. Patients with advanced CRF without dialysis treatment should receive daily supplements of vitamin B6 (5 mg), ascorbic acid (70-100 mg), and the normal recommended daily allowance of the other water-soluble vitamins in addition to the vitamin intake from the diet. We give folic acid only in patients taking antifolate drugs or in combination with iron in iron deficiency state and anemia (1 tablet of Folicombin contains 0.5 mg folic acid and 0.4 g elemental iron). There is still a pressing need for more data on the vitamin status, on vitamin requirements, and on long-term effects of vitamin administration in CRF.

Dietary intake of Saudi infants and preschool children

Abstract: Nutrients intake of Saudi infants and preschool children (0–6 years old) was investigated by 24‐hour dietary recall method. Results showed more than adequate intake of protein and vitamin C when compared to the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB/NAS, 1980) standards, while iron was the nutrient in least plentiful supply. For infants, calcium and phosphorus intakes were adequate because of the prolonged breast feeding, but that of niacin was relatively low. For all ages, the estimates of the intake of energy, vitamin A and thiamin were below the standard.

Estimation of the Distribution of Usual Intakes for Selected Dietary Components

Abstract: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been responsible for conducting periodic surveys to estimate food consumption patterns of households and/or individuals in the United States for over 50 years. Data from these surveys have had a significant impact on the formulation of food-assistance programs, on consumer education and on food regulatory activities. In recent years, there has been interest in estimating the proportion of the population that has insufficient intake or excessive intake of certain dietary components. Different approaches have been suggested for the estimation of this proportion. In all approaches, it is necessary to analyze data on dietary intakes for a sample of individuals. Also, all approaches recognize that an individual who has a low intake of a given dietary component on one day is not necessarily deficient (or at risk of being deficient) so far as that dietary component is concerned. It is low intake over a sufficiently long period of time that produces a dietary deficiency. A dietary deficiency exists when the "usual" (i.e., normal or long-run average) intake of the dietary component is less than the appropriate dietary standard.

Dietary intake of healthy subjects before and one year after dietary advice.

Abstract: This study was conducted to follow up healthy subjects from a previous study (Warwick & Williams, 1987) in which favourable dietary changes were achieved during 1 week immediately after dietary advice but were accompanied by reduced energy intakes and weight loss. Twenty-one subjects (8m, 13f; 57 per cent of the original group) participated in the follow-up study. Dietary intakes were measured using 7-d weighed records on three occasions: before, immediately after and 1 year after receiving dietary advice. Intakes 1 year after dietary advice continued to show some of the favourable changes observed immediately after the advice but were not accompanied by reduced energy intakes and weight loss. Intakes before, immediately after, and 1 year after dietary advice respectively were: energy, 9.0, 7.8 and 8.9 MJ/d (2150, 1860 and 2120 kcal/d); fat, 36.9, 32.9 and 31.5 per cent of total energy; carbohydrate, 44.2, 47.9 and 49.6 per cent of total energy; dietary fibre, 32, 36 and 36 g/d; sodium, 116, 97 and 110 mmol/d; and Na:K ratio, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.2 mmol. Nutrient densities for fibre and most micronutrients tended to be higher 1 year after dietary advice than before, but were highest immediately after the advice. Nutrient densities for sodium and total sugars did not vary between the 3 study weeks. It was concluded that our healthy subjects adapted their intakes to maintain energy balance while retaining favourable dietary changes for at least 1 year after dietary advice.

Nutritional intake of lactating Punjabi women

Abstract: The dietary intake of 101 lactating Punjabi women was studied in relation to their economic and educational status using a 24‐hour recall method for two days. Heights and weights were measured. Intakes of energy, protein, calcium and iron were calculated and compared to the recommended dietary allowances for Indians. The energy intake of the subjects was low comprising between 60.5–74.8% of the recommendations. Cereals contributed 38–44% of total energy consumed. The protein intake was 72–90% of ICMR allowances and the calcium intake was adequate in medium and high income groups but the intake only met 87% of the allowance in low income group. The iron intake was nearly equal to recommendations and was not affected by economic status. Weight, and body mass index were significantly affected by economic status. The energy, protein and calcium intake of the subjects and per cent energy derived from cereals were significantly affected by economic status. The effect of education on nutrient intake was signific...

Nutritional Evaluation of Korean Traditional Diet

Abstract: The nutritional value of Korean traditional diet was estimated by using the 7-dish meal of Kim Ho Jik (1944) and the standard weekly menu of Bang Sin Young (1957), and compared to the current Recommended Daily Allowance of Korean. The Korean traditional diets were estimated to be able to supply 2,000-2,500 Kcal and 80-90g of protein per day. The constitution of energy was made by 73-77% carbohydrate, 15-18% protein and 10-12% lipid. The content of animal protein was 20-30% of total protein. The Korean traditional diet could supply sufficient amounts of protein, minerals and vitamins for an adult male, if the energy intake exceeds 2,00 Kcal per day.

Breast-feeding, dietary intake and weight-for-age of children in rural Burma.

Abstract: We conducted a rapid survey of 396 children aged o to 35 months in rural Burma using the following methods: cluster sampling; a portable, battery­ powered microcomputer; and recently-developed software. Among the children in the survey, the percentage consuming breast milk remained high until they reached 15 to 17 months of age, by which time most of the children were already eating pro­ tein-rich solids (eggs, fish or meat). During the first year of life, 11% were undernourished as deter­ mined by weight-for-age less than the first percen· tile of the reference standard. This percentage in­ creased to 38% and 35% for years two and three, respectively. Reduced weig ht-for-age was found to be associated with eating solid foods, even after adjusting for either age and breast-feeding behav­ Iour or breast-feeding alone. This finding Is proba­ bly due to Insufficient calorIc consumption or con­ current Infections. Rapid, computer-assisted sur­ veys such as this are intended to provide quick descriptive information for planning, implementing or evaluating community-based intervention or prevention programmes.