Showing papers on "Reference Daily Intake published in 1990"

Habitual dietary calcium intake and cortical bone loss in perimenopausal women: A longitudinal study

Abstract: During an 8-year follow-up study, the effect of habitual dietary calcium intake on cortical bone loss in 154 healthy perimenopausal women was examined Dietary calcium intake, determined by the cross-check dietary history method, and cortical bone mineral content of the radius were measured annually Habitual dietary calcium intake was calculated as the mean of the estimated daily dietary calcium intake during the follow-up period The women were classified according to their habitual calcium intake: those with an intake below 800 mg/day (n = 28), between 800 and 1350 mg/day (n = 95), and above 1350 mg/day (n = 31) The results show a continuous significant loss of cortical bone in all groups, amounting yearly to 13 +/- 025, 15 +/- 010, and 19 +/- 023% (mean +/- SE) for the groups with a low, medium, and high habitual calcium intake, respectively (P less than 001) The differences among the three groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 011) Body mass index was found to be positively correlated with the negative changes in cortical bone mineral density (r = 032, P less than 001), even after adjustments had been made for confounding factors It is concluded that a habitual calcium intake exceeding 800 mg/day (the current Recommended Daily Allowance for adults) is ineffective in preventing cortical bone loss during early menopause Body mass index is of major importance for the perimenopausal bone loss

Studies of osteoporosis in Japan.

Abstract: Calcium deficiency appears to play a central role in the development of involutional osteoporosis, especially in Japan, where calcium intake has been traditionally low, never reaching the current recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 600 mg/d Compromised 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D synthesis in the aging kidney and age-bound changes of the intestine itself lead to calcium malabsorption; in addition, decreasing dietary intake of fat-soluble vitamins and reduced solar exposure associated with inadequate physical activity may contribute to calcium deficiency in old age High salt intake and increasing protein and phosphate intake tend to aggravate such a tendency These factors appear to underlie, in part, the widespread use of vitamin D derivatives for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan In 1981, a large-scale, double-blind clinical trial established the superior effect of 1α(OH) vitamin D 3 in maintaining bone density over that of placebo The effect of 05 μg/d 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (calcitriol) in two divided doses compared favorably with that of 1 μg/d of 1α(OH) vitamin D 3 in a recently conducted multicenter, double-blind study on 596 patients with involutional osteoporosis Spinal fracture rate was also reduced to one-half by administration of the vitamin D derivative for 1 year to 800 patients with osteoporosis

Metabolic rate: a factor in developing obesity in children with Down syndrome?

Abstract: Resting metabolic rate and its relation with selected anthropometric measures was determined in 11 male and 7 female noninstitutionalized children with Down syndrome. Dietary analysis was performed to determine the nutritional status of the children and whether poor nutritional habits may be influencing factors in the development of obesity in this population. Resting metabolic rate for the total group was 170.4 +/- 38.65 ml.min-1 (0.17 +/- 0.04 ml.kg-1.min-1). Body weight, height, and surface area were moderately correlated with this rate, with height having the strongest relation. Daily caloric intake was 1,433.84 +/- 255.2 calories, comprising of 16.01 +/- 2.20% protein, 42.18 +/- 7.40% fat, and 40.60 +/- 8.83 carbohydrate. Calcium, potassium, and vitamin C were above and iron and thiamine below the recommended daily allowance.

Vitamin Intake and Health: A Scientific Review

Abstract: Describes the biochemical and physiological effects of most of the clinically important vitamins, and presents indications of the health benefits of vitamin intake beyond the levels currently established as recommended daily allowance by the National Academy of Science. The analysis focuses primaril

Dietary intake methodology. II. USDA's Nutrient Data Base for Nationwide Dietary Intake Surveys.

Abstract: The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Nutrient Data Base for Nationwide Dietary Intake Surveys is specifically organized and maintained to analyze data from nationwide dietary surveys within the federal government's National Nutrition Monitoring System. These surveys include the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals conducted by USDA, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Each public release of the data base covers one or more specific surveys. The data base contains data for energy and 28 components for over 5000 food items. Data are based on the latest information from USDAs National Nutrient Data Bank, the computer-based system used to update USDAs standard reference on food composition, Agriculture Handbook No. 8. An automated system is also used to update the survey nutrient data base with new information released from the Nutrient Data Bank. This system includes three supplementary data sets (primary nutrient data set, recipe file, and table of nutrient retention factors) and a computer program for calculating nutrient content of mixed food items based on nutrient content of their ingredients. Updates are performed at the beginning of new surveys to incorporate the most up-to-date nutrient values.

Daily intake of uranium by urban indian population

Abstract: The daily intake of uranium (238U) by an urban Indian adult population was estimated by the analysis of a duplicate diet, drinking water, and air samples using neutron activation and radio-chemical separation. The uranium intake through food is 0.55 μg which is much larger than that from drinking water and air, at 0.09 and 0.01 μg, respectively. The total daily dietary intake of uranium, calculated from the concentrations measured in the individual food ingredients and their daily consumption (based on the national survey), is found to be 2.2 μg which is a factor of 3.5 higher than that based on a duplicate urban diet. The maximum contribution to the daily intake is found to be from cereals. The lower intake by the urban population is most likely due to their lower food consumption.

Nutritional status, growth and development in children undergoing intensive treatment for cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: Dietary intakes were measured over a period of 5 days in 36 malnourished and 36 well-nourished patients with cystic fibrosis. Both energy and protein intakes were significantly less in the malnourished patients for the two age groups studied: 4-9.99 years (p less than 0.01 for both parameters), and 10-16 years (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). In both age groups and both patient groups, average protein intakes were well in excess of the recommended daily intake, but energy intake in the malnourished patients was below the recommended daily intake. Nutritional supplementation of 10 malnourished patients with a polymeric formula, infused overnight via a gastrostomy tube, resulted in a seven-fold increase in weight gain (p less than 0.001) and a doubling of linear growth velocity (p less than 0.01) over a period of 18 months, compared to the 18 months prior to gastrostomy feeding. Measurements of total body nitrogen in eight of these patients demonstrated a 38% increase in body nitrogen content over 12 months, indicating a replenishment of the protein deficit.

Nutritional intake and status of clients in the home with open surgical wounds.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine (a) whether the nutritional intake of patients at home with wounds healing by secondary intention was adequate to support healing, and (b) the nutritional status of these patients. Nineteen subjects with a mean age of 65.3 years were accrued. Of the 17 subjects for whom nutritional intake data were available, 16 had insufficient caloric intake to support healing and over half had less than the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of protein. Using the RDA as a conservative measure of vitamin and mineral need with injury, Vitamin C intake was decreased in approximately one third of the subjects, while all but one had decreased zinc intake. Over two thirds of the subjects reported a decrease from their usual weight and all the subjects measured had triceps skin fold (TSF) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) which were below the first and second Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (HANES I & II) median. Mean serum albumin of the sample was below normal. The nu...

Dietary intakes of police department employees in a wellness program.

Abstract: A 12-month nutrition program was developed and implemented as a project of the Wellness Department of the Austin Police Department (APD). Forty APD employees began the program; 24 completed the dietary portion of the study A comparison of 7-day dietary intakes recorded before and after the program indicated a decrease in energy intake from a mean of 2,273 ±694 kcal/day to 1,379 ± 364 kcal/day (p

Relationships between food consumption and dietary intake among healthy volunteers and implications for meeting dietary goals.

Abstract: Quantitative food frequency questionnaires and 5-day food records were used to explore relationships between food consumption and nutrient intake among 65 healthy volunteers who were willing to participate in a dietary fiber intervention study. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated between the nutrient intake and the frequency of consumption of each food item, as well as the amount consumed per month. Percentage of calories from fat was related to frequency of consumption and amount of consumption, respectively, of bacon (r = .48, .49), frankfurters and sausage (r = .45, .45), and french fries and fried potatoes (r = .43, .39). Frequency and amount, respectively, of consumption of fruits were most highly correlated with intake of vitamin A (r = .45, .46), vitamin C (r = .44, .48), and dietary fiber (r = .43, .43). We conclude that specific food consumption amounts and/or frequency of eating foods such as legumes, fruits, and whole-grain or bran-rich cereals should be recommended to assist individuals in meeting dietary goals.

Estimation of the daily dietary fiber intake in France

Abstract: The recent progress in the knowledge of dietary fiber, largely based on epidemiological evidence, suggests that they have an essential role in human health. Furthermore, the effects of high-fiber diets on bowel habits have been well known for a long time. Several studies showed the correlations between intestinal transit time (ITT) and fecal wet weight (FWW) and FWW and the consumption of dietary fiber. The FWW could therefore be a basis for determining a recommended intake of dietary fiber to achieve a regular ITT in adult humans. It appears that little has been published about food consumption and particularly about dietary fiber intake in France. Using the statistical data on French food consumption published by the French National Institute of Economic Studies, we evaluated the average daily consumption of dietary fiber of French adults at about 16 g. Analyzing several suggestions, we conclude that the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber should be in the range of 30-40 g for French adults.

The nutritional approach for pediatric patients undergoing CAPD/CCPD.

Abstract: The current recommendations for the nutritional management of children treated with CAPD/CCPD will be reviewed. The optimal caloric intake for pre-pubertal children undergoing dialysis should at least be determined by the recommended daily allowances (RDA) of the National Academy of Science for healthy children of the same height and age. For pubertal and post-pubertal patients, the prescribed energy intake is similar to the RDA for adolescents, 60 kcal/kg for males, and 48 kcal/kg/day for females. Dietary complex carbohydrates should provide about 35% of dietary energy intake. Dietary fat should provide 50% of the dietary intake, and the PS:S fatty ratio should be about 1.5:1.0. The recommended protein intake for children less than 3 years of age should range between 2.5-3.0 gm/kg/day; for children between 3 years of age and puberty 2.5 gm/kg/day; for pubertal patients 2.0 gm/kg/day, and post-pubertal patients 1.5 gm/kg/day. In general, sodium, potassium and water intake vary markedly among patients and should be managed individually. Vitamins, folic acid 1 mg/day; peridoxine, B6 5-10 mg/day; and ascorbic acid 75-100 mg/day. Vitamin D sterols (i.e., calcitriol) and phosphate binding agents mainly calcium carbonate are needed for the prevention and control of renal bone disease in such patients. Aluminum containing gels should be avoided in order to prevent aluminum accumulation secondary to the ingestion of aluminum containing gels.

Assessing individual dietary intake

Abstract: An individual's health and well‐being are directly related to his or her food intake. A lack of food or essential nutrients results in deficiency diseases and ultimately death. An excess of food or certain nutrients may have the same result. The quantity and quality of an individual's diet is assessed for both clinical and research purposes to identify any possible nutrient imbalance and to find associations between disease prevalence and food intake within populations. Data obtained from food intake studies can also be used to provide information on sections of a population at risk from deficiencies and excesses and therefore to plan health care programmes or to evaluate the effect of a government policy, for example, on reorganisation of school meals. Globally, data on food intake or at least food availability in different nations can be used in planning relief operations.

Sources of energy and nutrients in diets of the elderly living in Toronto.

Abstract: The contribution of the various food groups to the nutrient intakes of a group of independently-living elderly individuals in Toronto is described. The pattern of meal and food intakes generally provided enough of the nutrients, excepting calcium, to meet the Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Canadians. Mean energy intake was low. It is suggested that if relatively small amounts of the foods ingested at the different meals are raised, it will likely provide enough energy and all the nutrients to satisfy the recommended levels of intake.

Estimation of daily vitamin intake by total diet study.

Abstract: Daily vitamin intake was estimated by a total diet (market basket) study using highperformance liquid chromatography. Food samples covering 181 items were categorized into 13 groups based on the statistical values presented in “The National Nutrition Survey”. Each group was analyzed with reference to 10 kinds of vitamin. Estimated daily intakes of vitamins were 2, 264 IU for retinol, 1.16mg for thiamin, 1.10mg for riboflavin, 4.8mg for niacin and 6.27mg for α-tocopherol equivalent. Compared with the daily intakes presented in “The National Nutrition Survey”, the daily intakes investigated in this experiment were low for thiamin and riboflavin.