Showing papers on "Reference Daily Intake published in 2007"

Dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lactating women

Abstract: Dietary fat intake in pregnancy and lactation affects pregnancy outcomes and child growth, development and health. The European Commission charged the research project PERILIP, jointly with the Early Nutrition Programming Project, to develop recommendations on dietary fat intake in pregnancy and lactation. Literature reviews were performed and a consensus conference held with international experts in the field, including representatives of international scientific associations. The adopted conclusions include: dietary fat intake in pregnancy and lactation (energy%) should be as recommended for the general population; pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average dietary intake of at least 200 mg DHA/d; intakes of up to 1 g/d DHA or 2.7 g/d n-3 long-chain PUFA have been used in randomized clinical trials without significant adverse effects; women of childbearing age should aim to consume one to two portions of sea fish per week, including oily fish; intake of the DHA precursor, alpha-linolenic acid, is far less effective with regard to DHA deposition in fetal brain than preformed DHA; intake of fish or other sources of long-chain n-3 fatty acids results in a slightly longer pregnancy duration; dietary inadequacies should be screened for during pregnancy and individual counselling be offered if needed.

Eating well with Canada's Food Guide (2007): development of the food intake pattern.

Abstract: A food intake pattern specifying amounts and types of food was created for Canada's revised food guide, Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide (2007), using a two-step modeling process. In step one, food composites were manipulated to develop a food intake pattern. The second step used the step one food intake pattern to create 500 simulated diets for each of 16 age and gender groups. The resulting nutrient content distributions were evaluated relative to Dietary Reference Intake reference values. The modeling cycled between these two steps until a satisfactory pattern was achieved. The final pattern reflects modeling, a review of associations between foods and chronic disease, and input received during consultation.

Protein requirements in male adolescent soccer players.

Abstract: Few investigations have studied protein metabolism in children and adolescent athletes which makes difficult the assessment of daily recommended dietary protein allowances in this population. The problematic in paediatric competitors is the determination of additional protein needs resulting from intensive physical training. The aim of this investigation was to determine protein requirement in 14-year-old male adolescent soccer players. Healthy male adolescent soccer players (N = 11, 13.8 ± 0.1 year) participated in a short term repeated nitrogen balance study. Diets were designed to provide proteins at three levels: 1.4, 1.2 and 1.0 g protein per kg body weight (BW). Nutrient and energy intakes were assessed from 4 day food records corresponding to 4 day training periods during 3 weeks. Urine was collected during four consecutive days and analysed for nitrogen. The nitrogen balances were calculated from mean daily protein intake, mean urinary nitrogen excretion and estimated faecal and integumental nitrogen losses. Nitrogen balance increased with both protein intake and energy balance. At energy equilibrium, the daily protein intake needed to balance nitrogen losses was 1.04 g kg−1 day−1. This corresponds to an estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein of 1.20 g kg−1 day−1 and a recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 1.40 g kg−1 day−1 assuming a daily nitrogen deposition of 11 mg kg−1. The results of the present study suggest that the protein requirements of 14-year-old male athletes are above the RDA for non-active male adolescents.

Diet quality in Croatian university students: energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes according to gender.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate diet quality and nutrient intakes in Croatian university students, which are missing for the past 15 years, and also to report the prevalence of overweight/obesity and underweight. The subjects were 663 students (average age 22 years), representing 0.6% of all Croatian university students. The Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire, checked for reproducibility and validity, was used for dietary assessment. Students on average had an adequate number of daily meals and snacks, but consumption of breakfast was irregular, particularly for men. The average energy intake was 130.1% of the dietary reference intake and the protein intake was more than double the dietary reference intake in 64.3% students. Dietary fiber, iron (in females), calcium, zinc, folate, and vitamins C, A and E intake were below recommendations in both genders. Only 3.8% of females and 21.9% of males were overweight/obese (body mass index >25 kg/m(2)). Nutrient intakes significantly differed according to gender and better macronutrient but not micronutrient intakes were observed in females.

Fractures during growth: potential role of a milk-free diet

Abstract: Dietary calcium deficiency may increase fracture risk. In girls, 29.4% of fracture cases and 11.8% of controls without fracture had a history of milk-free diet. The odds ratio (OR) for fracture with a milk-free diet in girls was 4.6, p < 0.01. In boys, 23% of cases and 19% of controls had a history of a milk-free diet; OR = 1.3, NS). A milk-free diet due to cow’s milk allergy is associated with increased fracture risk in girls. An intake of calcium below the reference daily intake (RDI) of 800–1200 mg/day during growth is thought to increase fracture risk even though convincing evidence for this view is scarce. The paucity of evidence may be partly due to many trial participants being calcium replete. Children and adolescents with cow’s milk allergy (CMA) avoid milk and have a calcium intake below the RDI. The aim of this study was to examine the association between consumption of a milk-free diet and fracture risk. In this case-control study conducted in Poland, 57 boys and 34 girls aged 2.5–20 years with fractures (cases) were randomly matched by age and sex with 171 boys and 102 girls without fractures (controls). Weight and height were examined using standard methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Conditional logistic regression and Bayesian analyses were used to determine the proportion of the fracture risk attributable to a milk-free diet. In girls, 29.4% of cases and 11.8% of controls had a history of milk-free diet producing an odds ratio (OR) for fracture associated with a milk-free diet of 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–15.5, p < 0.01). In boys, 23% of cases and 19% of controls had a history of a milk-free diet; OR = 1.3 (95% CI: 0.6–2.7, NS). If the prevalence of CMA in the population is 5%, only 6.7% of the fractures occurring are attributable to CMA and the associated nutritional deficit. Cow’s milk allergy is associated with increased fracture risk in girls. Whether this association is due to the illness, calcium deficit or a deficit in other milk nutrients is uncertain. These data suggest that the contribution of milk-free diet to fracture liability among children and adolescents is modest.

Dietary Intake of Elderly Living in Toronto Long-Term Care Facilities: Comparison to the Dietary Reference Intake

Abstract: Objective: To compare the dietary intake of elderly living in 11 long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to the Estimated Average Requirement set as part of the Dietary Reference Intake for older adults....

Hydration Needs throughout the Lifespan

Abstract: In 2004, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a report presenting reference intake information about water, sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes for Americans and Canadians. The report established, for the first time, adequate intakes (AI) for total water (from drinking water, beverages, and food) for healthy people. An AI is the recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally-determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group or groups of apparently health people that are assumed to be adequate. The AI for water is based on US survey data. The recommendations about water intake are for healthy populations--they do not apply to at-risk groups.

Nutrient Intake in an Elderly Population in Southern France (POLANUT): Deficiency in some Vitamins, Minerals and ω-3 PUFA

Abstract: Objective: Evaluation of the nutritional status of an elderly cohort from a French Mediterranean area. Design: Cross-sectional nutritional assessment in the framework of the population-based POLA cohort. Subjects and Methods: 832 subjects aged 70 years or older answered a 165-item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Mean Nutritional Need (MNN) was defined as 77% of the French Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). The risk for clinical deficiency (CD) was defined as intakes lower than the Limit Threshold Intake (70% of the MNN). Results: Consumption was characterized by an excess of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (95.4% of subjects above the RDA) and a deficit of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.1% and 46.9% of subjects at risk for CD for alpha-linolenic (ALA) and long-chain ω-3 PUFA, respectively). Median intakes of fiber, vitamins B6, B9, and D, calcium, and magnesium were below the RDA. Dairy products were the first providers of SFA, nuts of ALA, and fish of long-chain ω-3 PUFA and vita...

Limitations of data on fluid intake.

Abstract: Background: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, provided extensive tables of data on total water intake, water intake from beverages and water intake from foods; however, very little information was provided about the specific details of these analyses. Reported total water intake varied with gender and somewhat with age and suggested that further sources of variation in total water intake were due to differences in body size, physical activity, and climatic exposure.Objective and Methods: In an attempt to better understand the variation in reported water intake, we examined water intake from foods and beverages and plain water intake in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 1999–2002.Results: Non-Hispanic black children (4 to 18 years) had less water from food and beverages (∼0.15 L/day) than non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics. Non-Hispanic black children had less (∼0.15 L/day) plain water than other ethnicities. Adult non-Hispanic w...

Dietary nutrient intake and major food sources: the Nutrition and Health Survey of Taiwan Elementary School Children 2001-2002.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate nutrient intake and their dietary sources in Taiwanese children ages 6-12 years by analyzing the 24-hour recall data of 2386 participants from a nationally representative sample. Results showed that children in Taiwan were slightly lower in mean proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates (53.5% of energy intake) and higher in those from fats (30.8%) and protein (15.8%) as based on the recommendations of Department of Health in Taiwan. The mean intake of vitamins and of minerals by children was equivalent to or exceeded Daily Reference Intake of Taiwan (DRI) or other recommended standards with the exception of a seriously insufficient calcium intake and extremely high sodium intake. A substantial proportion of children in different age/gender/location strata had lower mean vitamin and mineral intake by DRI and other recommended standards. These nutrient profiles were mainly related to dietary patterns with relatively low intake of fruits, vegetables, cereals/grains, and dairy products, but high intake of the protein-rich foods, salt/sauces, and fats/oils. According to the suboptimal dietary nutrient profiles of Taiwanese children, particularly in the underprivileged areas, recommendations are made in this article for policy makers and health practitioners to consider in order to improve dietary quality of elementary school children.

Benefits of chromium(III) complexes in animal and human health

Abstract: Chromium (III) is relatively nontoxic and identified as a novel micronutrient for its beneficial role in human nutrition by serving as a critical cofactor in the action of insulin as well as nutritional enhancement to energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Significant dietary sources of trivalent chromium are available in various food sources such as whole-grain products, high-bran breakfast cereals, egg yolks, coffee, nuts, green beans, broccoli, meat, Brewers' yeast, and selected brands of beer and wine. Chromium is also found in many mineral or multivitamin supplements. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has selected a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) of 120 μg/day for chromium. However, normal dietary intake of chromium for adults may be less than optimal. The effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on the transport of chromium included greater urinary chromium loss, and greater movement of chromium from the blood to the tissues, most notably to the skeletal muscle; and an alteration of the distribution of chromium in the blood plasma was found in diabetic rat models compared to healthy rat.

Vitamin D levels in children of asylum seekers in The Netherlands in relation to season and dietary intake.

Abstract: Low dietary intake and limited sun exposure during Dutch winters, in particular when combined with highly pigmented skin, could compromise the vitamin D status of asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands. We determined the vitamin D status of children living in The Netherlands, but originating from Africa, Central Asia, or Eastern Europe. In a subgroup, we reassessed the vitamin D status after the summer, during which the children had been assigned at random to remain unsupplemented or to receive vitamin D supplementation. In total 112 children (median age 7.1 yr, range 2-12 yr) were assessed for serum concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hypovitaminosis D were defined as 25(OH)D below 30 or 50 nmol/L, respectively. Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium was estimated using a 24 h recall interview. In mid-spring, 13% of the children had VDD, and 42% had hypovitaminosis D. I-PTH and ALP levels were significantly higher in children with VDD. The dietary intake of vitamin D was below 80% of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) in 94% of the children, but the dietary calcium intake was not significantly related to the s-25(OH)D levels found. After the summer, median s-25(OH)D increased with +35 nmol/L (+85%) and +19 nmol/L (+42%) in children with or without supplementation, respectively. The effect of supplementation was most prominent among African children. VDD and hypovitaminosis D are highly prevalent in mid-spring among asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands. Although 25(OH)D levels increase in African children during Dutch summer months, this does not completely correct the compromised vitamin D status. Our data indicate that children from African origin would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.

The influence of fruit and vegetable intake on the nutritional status and plasma homocysteine levels of institutionalised elderly people.

Abstract: ObjectiveTo determine the difference in the nutritional status of elderly people depending on their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and to study the possible association between the consumption of these foods and different cardiovascular risk factors, especially total plasma homocysteine (t-Hcys) levels.Design, setting and subjectsA cross-sectional study in 152 institutionalised older people from Madrid aged ≥ 65 years. Food and nutrient intakes were recorded over 7 days using the ‘precise individual weighing’ method. The weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded, as were their α-erythrocyte glutathione reductase, serum B6, B12 and folate levels, erythrocyte folate levels, t-Hcys levels, serum lipids and blood pressure. The experimental population was then divided into tertiles depending on the serving intake of fruit and vegetables (T1, 2.79 servings day− 1).ResultsCompared with T1 subjects, T3 subjects showed consumptions of cereals, pulses, meat, fish and eggs closer to those recommended (P < 0.05). In addition, the contribution of their diet towards covering the recommended daily intake of vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, B12, vitamin A, and P, Mg, Zn and Fe was higher. The intake of fibre increased with consumption of fruit and vegetables (r = 0.6839, P < 0.001). T3 subjects also had better serum and erythrocyte folate levels than T1 and T2 subjects (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and serum folate (r = 0.2665, P < 0.01) and with erythrocyte folate levels (r = 0.2034, P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with t-Hcys (r = − 0.2493, P < 0.01).ConclusionsGreater consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with better food habits, increased vitamin and mineral intakes and lower t-Hcys levels. Considering that the fruit and vegetable intake in Spanish elderly people is very low, it is recommended that the consumption of fruits and vegetables by elderly people be increased.

Status of dietary calcium intake of Chinese residents

Abstract: Objective To describe the calcium intake of different age and gender residents in different area in China. Methods 68962 study' participants were came from 23,470 households who were randomly selected from 132 counties in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and the municipalities in China. The 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect food intake information, except for the condiment intake, which was collected by weighting method. Results The average intakes of calcium were low in Chinese population. The average intake of calcium of male people were more higher than those of female people, while the intake level of urban residents were more higher than those of rural residents. The calcium intake of the most persons could reach 20%-60% of adequate intake (Al). Less than 5% person's calcium intake could reach AI. Only 1.1% to 1.7% adolescents aged 11 years to 13 years whose calcium intake level could reach AI. The main sources of calcium were vegetable, bean and bean product, wheat and rice, which provided 35.2%, 13.9%, 11.2% and 9.1% calcium respectively, only 4.3% calcium came from dairy products. Conclusion The deficiency of calcium is a common problem in Chinese residents. In particular, the adolescents are the most serious group.

Eating Behaviors and Health History of Rural Midlife to Older Women in the Midwestern United States

Abstract: This study was conducted to examine daily energy, food group, and nutrient intakes of late midlife to older women living in the rural Midwestern United States compared with recommended intakes for the US population, and to describe their physical measures and health history. Random-digit dialing was used to recruit 225 community-dwelling women aged 50 to 69 years from a rural Midwestern area of the United States. Participants completed online food intake and health history surveys. Nearly half of the women had energy intakes in excess of their Estimated Energy Requirement. Mean daily servings of fruits, grains, and dairy products were below target levels identified in the 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans . Mean calcium and dietary fiber intakes were below recommended levels, while percent calories from fat (39.0%±6.8%) were well above recommendations. Eighty percent were overweight or obese and 76% were prehypertensive or hypertensive, yet only 33.5% indicated their health care provider had discussed dietary factors with them in the previous year. Late midlife and older rural Midwestern women, aged 50 to 69 years, need more guidance than they currently receive to learn how to make changes to meet dietary recommendations, particularly with a focus on establishing a more healthful dietary pattern that will be suitable for their older years.

A Statistical Approach for Estimating the Distribution of Usual Dietary Intake to Assess Nutritionally At-Risk Populations Based on the New Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Abstract: The health of individuals is not markedly affected by the nutrients ingested in a single day; rather it is influenced by dietary habits over a long period of time. However, it is impossible to survey usual intake directly because recording diet over a long period of time is burdensome for the subjects, so usual dietary intake is rarely measured directly. Instead, we estimated the distribution of selected nutrients in subjects' usual dietary intake using a statistical method (Best-Power method) described previously. And we assessed the proportion of nutritionally at-risk subjects in individual groups based on the new Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), or the tentative dietary goal for preventing life-style related diseases (DG) as cut-points. We collected the survey data from 208 men and 251 women, aged 50 to 69 y in 2004 and 2005. The survey was carried out on three non-consecutive days four times each year: in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The distribution of nutrients in the usual intake was estimated from a dietary survey of 3 d using one-way analyses of variance. We found that the proportion of the population at risk for nutrient deficiency was overestimated in the 1-d intake distribution. On the other hand, the fraction that was nutritionally at-risk in terms of salt intake, according to DG as the cut-point, was underestimated in the 1-d intake distribution: 74.0% of men and 82.5% of women in the 1-d intake, and 90.5% and 93.2%, respectively, for the estimated usual intake adjusted for seasonal variation.

Dietary intake in Swedish medical students

Abstract: Background: A 3 day food record is a part of the medical curriculum in Goteborg, and the dietary intake of medical students from 1987 to 1993 has been reported previously. Objective: To study dietary intake in medical students, detect changes over time and qualitative differences between men and women, and compare with nutrition recommendations, intake in the Swedish population in general and in medical students in other countries. Design: A 3 day estimated food record of 1737 students during the years 1994-2006, performed at the medical school at Goteborg University. Results: Mean energy intake for men and women was 10.9 and 7.8 MJ, respectively, without significant differences between 1994 and 2006. Proportions of energy from fat, protein, carbohydrates and alcohol were 29/30, 16/16, 51/53 and 2/3E% in female/male students, respectively. The dietary intake of folate and dietary fibre was higher in 2006 than in 1994 in both genders, whereas the percentage of energy from saturated fat and dietary iron intake decreased over time. Conclusions: Energy intake was stable during 1994-2006. Significant and mostly positive differences over time were observed. The dietary intake in medical students compared quite well with Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, and in some aspects was better than in the general population. Keywords: dietary assessment; energy intake; folate; food record; time trends; vitamin C

Establishment of Total Sugar Reference Value for Koreans

Abstract: Sugars are a ubiquitous component of our food supply and are consumed as a naturally occurring component of many foods and as additions to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table. Most fruits and dairy products are high in sugars and thus naturally occurring sugars are consumed as part of a healthy diet. Some countries developed recommended daily intake figures (daily values: DVs or guideline daily amounts: GDA) for nutrients, and some countries, but not most have developed DV/GDA for total sugars. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans established by the Korean Nutrition Society in 2005, did not include the reference values for total sugar or added sugar. The committee on Dietary Reference Intakes for sugar was constituted in 2006 and discussed whether to specify added sugars or total sugar. Although added sugars are not chemically or physiologically different from naturally occurring sugars, many foods and beverages that are major sources of added sugars have lower micronutrient densities compared with foods and beverages that are major sources of naturally occuring sugars. But it was so hard to calculate a dietary intake of added sugar for Korean people, because there was insufficient information about contents of added sugar during processing or preparation of Korean food. Currently Korean or US food labels contain information on total sugars per serving but do not distinguish between sugars naturally present in food and added sugars. Therefore the committee decided to set the reference value for total sugar for Koreans. According to the recommended diet pattern for Koreans suggested by the Korean Nutrition Society, estimated sugar intake from the sugar containing food based on 2,000 kilocalories is 67g or 13% of total energy. Based on the data available on risk of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome from the analysis of Korean NHANES, it was insufficient evidence to set a UL for total sugar, but tended to increase serum LDL cholesterol and obesity at over 20-25% of energy from total sugar when consumed with high carbohydrates. Therefore the committee on Dietary Reference Intakes for sugar set the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total sugar as 10-20% of total energy intake. (Korean J Nutr 2007; 40 (Suppl) : 3~8)

The role of fruit drinks in daily diet of some Osijek inhabitants, Croatia.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the role of fruit drinks in daily diet of Osijek inhabitants. A special questionnaire was administered to 199 patients visiting a family physician’s office during December 2003. The concentration of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) was determined in 42 commercially available fruit drinks. Only 11% (22/199) of study subjects did not take fruit drinks. The mean concentration of vitamin C in all samples was 150.10±166.83 mg/L. The questionnaire revealed that 89% (177/199) of study subjects using fruit drinks were taking a mean of 0.4 L of fruit drink per day, yielding a mean of 60.04 mg of vitamin C, i.e. 100% of the recommended daily allowance of 60 mg. Study results indicated fruit drinks to be a significant source of vitamin C in daily diet, however, great variation in vitamin C intake according to socioeconomic status of study subjects and type of fruit drink should be noted.

Nutritional intake and physical performance capacity in Flemish schoolchildren (seven to12 years): issues for responsible marketing

Abstract: Purpose – It is the aim of the present paper to describe the nutritional intake, the physical performance capacity and certain anthropometric variables of a group of schoolchildren (n=297) aged seven to 12 years. The findings on this population may be used to give advice in specific marketing situations.Design/methodology/approach – The subjects were asked to complete a three‐day food diary. During a school visit body weight, stature and skinfold thicknesses were measured. Physical fitness was assessed using items of the Eurofit test battery. Data analysis was carried out as a function of sex and age groups.Findings – The study finds that 77 per cent of all subjects had a caloric intake below the recommended daily allowance (RDA), while 23 per cent had an intake above the RDA. Macronutrient analysis showed for all groups a low carbohydrate intake, a high fat intake, whilst protein intake was just near the upper limit of the RDA. Flexibility, explosive leg strength, abdominal dynamic muscular endurance and...

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamins

Abstract: Note: As α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol includes RRR-α-tocopherol, the only form of αtocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the 2R-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RSR-, RRS-, and RSS-α-tocopherol) that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (SRR-, SSR-, SRS-, and SSS-α-tocopherol), also found in fortified foods and supplements. A metabolic function has not yet been identified. Vitamin E’s major function appears to be as a nonspecific chainbreaking antioxidant. Infants 0−6 mo 7−12 mo

Nutritional Status of the Elderly Living in a Private Silver Town of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea

Abstract: This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of the elderly residing in a silver town. A survey was conducted in April, 2005 for fifty two healthy persons (men 18, women 34) aged over 65 years living in a private silver town of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. General data were collected using questionnaires at homes of the subjects and food consumption data for 3 days were obtained by investigating the individual leftovers from the meals served at the foodservice facilities by well-trained graduate students of the Department of Food & Nutrition. Nutrient intake was calculated from food consumption data using Can Pro (version 3.0, Korea). Average daily intake of energy was 1077.6 kcal in men and 974.2 kcal in women. Average protein intake of the men and women amounted to 85.5 g and 67.7 g, respectively. The consumption of cereals contributed 45.3% of energy intake for all subjects. Only 1.1% of calcium intake was from milk and milk products. Almost 100% of the elderly did not reach 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER) in energy intake and 75% of estimated average requirement (EAR) in folic acid intake. Percentages of the subjects who consumed protein above 125% of EAR were 100% and 91% in men and women, respectively. All subjects consumed above EAR in dietary intake of protein and iron. These data suggest that nutrient intake of the elderly living in the silver town would be inadequate, and thus the efficient management of foodservice is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the elderly living in the silver town.

Investigation on dietary status among rural and urban residents in Jiangsu

Abstract: Objective: To assess dietary nutritional status and characteristics among rural and urban residents in Jiangsu provinceMothods: Twenty four hours dietary recalled method and weighed method for 3 consecutive days were used to collect dietary information by multi-stage random sampling methodResults: Compared to the reference intake of Chinese Balance Dietary Pagoda(CBDP),the average intake(per reference man per day) of cereals,meat,eggs,fishes met the recommendation;however,intake of vegetables,fruits,legume and dairy were lower than recommendationIntake of edible oil was higher than the referenceWith the economic income increased in residents,the trends of intake of cereals and tuber decreased while intake of vegetables,meat,fishes,eggs and dairy increasedConclusion: Nutritional education and intervention are needed to promote healthy eating behavior and to improve the nutritional status and health condition

Evaluation of Dietary Manganese Intake in Korean Men and Women over 20 Years Old

Abstract: This study was peformed to estimate manganese intake and the major food source of manganese in Korean adults. The 354 subjects aged over 20 years were measured anthropometrics and dietary intake using 24-hour recall method. Daily intake and the major food sources of manganese were calculated using manganese database of food composition tables in Korea, USA and Japan. The average age, height, weight and BMI were 54.6years, 165.7cm, 67.2kg and for men and 53.8 years, 153.7cm, 59.1kg and for women, respectively. The daily energy and manganese intake of men were significantly higher than those of women (1740.9 kcal vs. 1432.6 kcal; p

Deficiencies in nutritional intake in patients admitted with diabetes-related foot complications

Abstract: Aim: Adequate nutritional intake is an essential component for timely wound healing. The present research aimed to identify the frequency of inadequate dietary intake, including the specific nutritional elements most frequently lacking, in a group of patients admitted with diabetes-related foot complications. Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to a diabetic foot unit underwent a dietary assessment, which included the retrospective collection of a seven-day food history for the period just prior to admission. The collected data were entered into FoodWorks, and comparisons were made with recommendations made by national guidelines. Results: Thirty-five patients underwent nutritional assessment, 74% male and 26% having impaired renal function. Protein consumption was in excess of daily recommended intake, and although the overall fat intake as a percentage of total calories consumed was in keeping with national guidelines, the intake of saturated fat was inappropriately high. Of the 12 micronutrients assessed, niacin and vitamin C were appropriately consumed by all; average intake of potassium, phosphorus and thiamine approached recommended levels, while the intake of magnesium, calcium, zinc, riboflavin, folate and vitamin A all fell short of recommended daily requirements. No dietary differences were identified between individuals with normal and abnormal renal function, but deficiencies in calcium and iron were identified only in women. Conclusion: Dietary deficiencies of macronutrients were not identified in individuals admitted with diabetesrelated foot complications, but many patients were found to be consuming well below the daily recommended daily intake of one or more of the micronutrients deemed necessary for normal wound healing.

Dietary intake in asylum seeker children in The Netherlands, strongly related to age and origin

Abstract: To monitor the dietary intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients in asylum seeker children. Cross-sectional study in three asylum seeker centres in The Netherlands. Hundred and sixteen children 2–12 years old (86% of the study cohort) provided a dietary history. The dietary intake was estimated by 24 h recall, and the origin of the children was classified in three geographic regions: African (n=45), Central Asia (n=34) or Eastern Europe (n=37). The total energy intake from fat was in 24% of the children above 40En%. Seventy per cent of the children above 4 year of age had a saturated fat intake above 10En%. The children from Eastern Europe had a higher intake of fat and disaccharides than the children from the other regions. Among the children, an intake less than 80% of the recommended daily allowances of micronutrients was found for calcium (42%), iron (49%), vitamin A (45%) and vitamin D (80%). An inadequate dietary intake of iron and vitamin D was significantly more seen among the youngest children, whereas an inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin A was found more among the elder children. The dietary intake of a prominent proportion of these children contains too much fat and insufficient amounts of calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin D. The low micronutrient intake of the asylum seeker children can be considered as a nutritional risk. Nutritional education and strategies to improve the macro- and micronutrient intake of asylum seeker children is indicated.

The Relationship Between Nutritional Knowledge and Application

Abstract: The FDA has proposed a number of actions to address the problem of unhealthy eating behaviors. Among these recommendations is educating the consumer. Education, however, could only be effective if the people did indeed alter their dietary behavior. This thesis studied the effect that educating a consumer can make on the consumer’s diet. Twenty college students were selected randomly for the study. The subjects were ten females and ten males. The subjects were given a nutritional assessment to test their nutritional knowledge. The subjects were then placed in one of three groups depending on their test scores. The subjects were also asked to record their daily food intake for one day. The list of food was then entered into a nutritional analysis calculator on an approved website. Then, depending on the age and gender of the subject, the analysis gave the recommended daily intake for the subject. The analysis also gave the percentage of the recommended daily intake that the subject did consume on that particular day. Every subject’s daily food intake was entered into the data base, and the average for each nutrient for each group was taken. The results were then analyzed, and the relationship between the nutritionally knowledgeable subjects and their application