Reference Daily Intake

About: Reference Daily Intake is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1564 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52794 citations.

Daily intake of dairy products in Brazil and contributions to nutrient intakes: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract: Objective Dairy products are sources of protein and micronutrients important in a healthy diet. The purpose of the present analysis was to estimate consumption of dairy products by Brazilians and identify contributions of dairy products to nutrient intakes. Design Dairy consumption data were obtained from 24 h dietary records. Dairy products were defined as milk (including flavoured), cheese and yoghurt. Estimates of dairy product intakes were generated for all individuals, individuals in urban and rural households and for age groups 10-18 years, 19-59 years and ≥60 years. Contributions to nutrient intakes were estimated for the total sample and sub-populations. Setting Nationwide cross-sectional survey, 2008-2009. Subjects Nationally representative sample of individuals aged ≥10 years in the Individual Food Intake survey, a component of the Brazilian Household Budget Survey (n 34 003). Results Among individuals aged ≥10 years, per capita intake of dairy products was 142 (se 2.1) g/d. Dairy product intake was higher among individuals in urban compared with rural areas and among groups 10-18 years and ≥60 years compared with adults aged 19-59 years. Dairy products accounted for 6.1% of daily energy intake, 7.3% of protein, 16.9% of saturated fat, 11.1% and 4.3% of total and added sugars, respectively, and 10.2-37.9% of daily Ca, vitamin D, P, vitamin A and K. Conclusions Dairy products were substantial contributors to daily intakes of selected nutrients of concern in Brazil, although mean daily dairy product consumption was less than a typical portion. Education efforts in Brazil to raise awareness about the nutritional role of dairy foods may serve to improve overall diet quality.

Maternal micronutrient consumption periconceptionally and during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine overall micronutrient intake periconceptionally and throughout pregnancy in a population-based cohort of Australian women. DESIGN: In a prospective cohort study, micronutrient dosages were extracted from self-reported maternal supplement use, recorded pre-conception, and for each trimester of pregnancy. A food frequency scale (DQESv2) captured usual maternal diet for gestational weeks 14-26. The influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with supplement use was examined using logistic regression, and changes in micronutrient intakes prior to and throughout pregnancy were assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA analyses. SETTING: Metropolitan hospital sites in Melbourne, Australia. SUBJECTS: Women with a viable singleton pregnancy were recruited at less than 19 weeks' gestation (n 2146). RESULTS: Compared with non-users, women using supplements during pregnancy were more likely to have planned their pregnancy, be >25 years old, primiparous, Caucasian, non-smokers, have a tertiary education and be consuming a folate-rich diet. Intakes of folate, Fe and Zn were significantly lower in the periconceptional period, compared with other periods (P<0·001). Intakes below Recommended Daily Intake levels were common both periconceptionally and throughout pregnancy, with 19-46 % of women not meeting the Recommended Daily Intake for folate, 68-82 % for Fe and 17-36 % for Zn. Conversely, 15-19 % of women consumed beyond the recommended Upper Limit for folate and 11-24 % for Fe. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the need for improved public health education on nutritional needs during pregnancy, especially among women with lower educational achievements and income.

Projected Effect of Dietary Salt Reductions on Future Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract: Extensive evidence links high-salt intake to an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Attempts in the United States to lower dietary salt intake by encouraging individuals to follow guidelines on recommended daily intake have been largely ineffective, and dietary salt intake is increasing. Accordingly, calls have been made for population-wide interventions to reduce dietary salt in the US diet. The investigators in this report used the coronary heart disease (CHD) Policy Model to make a quantitative estimate of potentially achievable, population-wide reductions in dietary salt of up to 3 g per day (1200 mg of sodium per day). The effect and cost-effectiveness of salt reduction was compared with those of other interventions used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Estimated rates and costs of cardiovascular disease were stratified in subgroups defined by age, sex, and race. Projections were calculated for the potential annual benefits for each subgroup with regard to reduction of CHD, stroke, myocardial infarction, and deaths from any cause. The data showed that a population-wide reduction in dietary salt of 3 g per day (1200 mg of sodium per day) would reduce the annual number of new cases of CHD by 60,000 to 120,000, stroke by 32,000 to 66,000, myocardial infarction by 54,000 to 99,000, and the number of deaths from any cause by 44,000 to 92,000. Lower daily dietary salt intake would benefit all adult age groups. Among the subgroups, reductions in stroke would be greater among women, reductions in CHD would be especially beneficial in older adults, and younger adults would have lower mortality rates. Reduction in risk for all categories would occur in blacks, especially for lowered risk of hypertension and stroke. The expected benefit for cardiovascular disease would be of similar magnitude or higher than that achieved by interventions targeting tobacco, obesity, and cholesterol. A national regulatory intervention that reduces salt intake by 3 g per day would produce a gain of 194,000 to 392,000 quality-adjusted life-years and a savings of $10 billion to $24 billion in annual health care costs. A reduction in dietary salt of only 1 g achieved gradually over the years 2010 through 2019 would result in cost savings and would be more cost-effective than using antihypertensive therapy for all persons with hypertension. These findings demonstrate the likely adverse cardiovascular outcomes for failure to reduce salt consumption in the US population and call for an immediate major public health initiative to prevent these largely avoidable outcomes.

An Appraisal of the Daily Intakes of Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid and Biotin from a Composite Canadian Diet

Abstract: The levels of vitamin B 12 , pantothenic acid and biotin in a composite Canadian diet were investigated to provide information on the average daily intake. The composite diet was formulated on the basis of the apparent per capita consumption of foods in Canada. The vitamin contents were determined by analysis and by calculation using published mean values for fresh foods. The contribution by the different food groups and individual foods was assessed. The results of the analysis indicated that the prepared diet provided 14.8 μg of vitamin B 12 , 6.07 mg of pantothenic acid and 60.0 μg of biotin per day. Similar values were obtained by calculation. These intakes are compatible with the recommended daily allowance for adolescents and normal adults.

Nutrient intake and growth in preschool children. II. Intake of minerals and vitamins

Abstract: Between May 1988 and April 1990, the nutrient intake of 153 pre-school children from Edinburgh aged 2–5 years was assessed using the 7-d weighed inventory method. Fifty-four children were studied twice at an interval of 12 months. Results for the intake of minerals and vitamins are presented, by age and gender, and related to Dietary Reference Values (DoH, 1991). The mineral and vitamin intake of pre-school children varied considerably. A minority of children were found to have very low intakes of iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C relative to dietary reference values, and all children had low dietary intakes of vitamin D. Intake of these nutrients was not related to rate of growth. However, strong positive relationships were found for intake of nutrients during the initial and repeat surveys of children studied twice, suggesting that poor nutrient intakes persist.