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Reference Daily Intake

About: Reference Daily Intake is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1564 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52794 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
J. M. Forbes1
01 Jul 1987
TL;DR: The underlying assumption I will make is that voluntary food intake is normally controlled so as to meet the requirements of the animal, especially for energy, using visceral receptors in communication with the central nervous system.
Abstract: The underlying assumption I will make is that voluntary food intake is normally controlled so as to meet the requirements of the animal, especially for energy. This control is achieved by positive and negative feedbacks involving many pathways, in particular visceral receptors in communication with the central nervous system. Reproductive processes do not, on the whole, interfere seriously with this regulation and changes in nutrient demand, for example during lactation, are accompanied by the appropriate changes in voluntary intake. However, some of the changes which accompany reproductive processes have particular effects on intake which may have important implications, particularly in farm animals.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, most children consumed protein amounts greater than requirements, except for the younger breastfeeding children, who were consuming low amounts of complementary foods, but unmeasured effects of infection and intestinal dysfunction on the children’s protein requirements could modify this conclusion.
Abstract: Background: Previous research indicates that young children in low-income countries (LICs) generally consume greater amounts of protein than published estimates of protein requirements, but this research did not account for protein quality based on the mix of amino acids and the digestibility of ingested protein.Objective: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake by young children in LICs, accounting for protein quality.Methods: Seven data sets with information on dietary intake for children (6-35 mo of age) from 6 LICs (Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Uganda, and Zambia) were reanalyzed to estimate protein and amino acid intake and assess adequacy. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score of each child's diet was calculated and multiplied by the original (crude) protein intake to obtain an estimate of available protein intake. Distributions of usual intake were obtained to estimate the prevalence of inadequate protein and amino acid intake for each cohort according to Estimated Average Requirements.Results: The prevalence of inadequate protein intake was highest in breastfeeding children aged 6-8 mo: 24% of Bangladeshi and 16% of Peruvian children. With the exception of Bangladesh, the prevalence of inadequate available protein intake decreased by age 9-12 mo and was very low in all sites (0-2%) after 12 mo of age. Inadequate protein intake in children <12 mo of age was due primarily to low energy intake from complementary foods, not inadequate protein density.Conclusions: Overall, most children consumed protein amounts greater than requirements, except for the younger breastfeeding children, who were consuming low amounts of complementary foods. These findings reinforce previous evidence that dietary protein is not generally limiting for children in LICs compared with estimated requirements for healthy children, even after accounting for protein quality. However, unmeasured effects of infection and intestinal dysfunction on the children's protein requirements could modify this conclusion.

16 citations

01 Jun 2002
TL;DR: People on special diets, those taking vitamin or mineral supplements, and people in the lowest quintile of household income were more likely to eat breakfast regularly, while the high proportion of adolescents and young adults who miss breakfast regularly is of concern.
Abstract: Objective To analyse data on the patterns of food consumption at breakfast reported in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. Design The Australian Bureau of Statistics was commissioned to undertake additional analysis of data on food intake collected using 24-hour recall interviews, a food frequency questionnaire and a food habits questionnaire. Subjects Nationally representative sample of 13 858 Australians, from age 2 years, surveyed in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. Main outcome measures Percentage of people eating breakfast regularly, mean amount of food groups consumed at breakfast, the percentage of respondents consuming each food item, and the mean serve sizes. Statistical analyses Data are presented as frequencies and mean intakes. Pearson’s chi-square tests were used for comparisons. Results People on special diets, those taking vitamin or mineral supplements, and people in the lowest quintile of household income were more likely to eat breakfast regularly. Breakfast was mostly eaten at home, although 15% of 19-24 year olds obtained breakfast away from home. Cereals, bread and milk were the most popular breakfast foods and less than 10% of Australians ate a cooked breakfast. Sugar added to cereals contributed less than 2% of the total sugar intake over the day in all age groups. Conclusion The high proportion of adolescents and young adults who miss breakfast regularly is of concern. There is an opportunity to increase fruit intake by promoting its consumption at the breakfast occasion.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
BK Mintah1, AE Eliason, M Nsiah, EM Baah, E Hagan1, DB Ofosu 
TL;DR: Major findings from the study were that, students significantly do not eat the recommended serving of fruits in a day and price scores as well as satiety scores were the significant variables found to hinder students’ fruit intake.
Abstract: Despite the enormous health and nutritional benefits that could be derived from the consumption of fruits, studies have shown that most adolescents and adults do not consume fruits as per the recommended daily intake. This study aimed at identifying the factors that hamper the consumption of fruits among university students. Four hundred and fifty-six (n = 456) out of a total population of nine thousand (N = 9000) undergraduate students were considered for the study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to solicit answers to questions on: fruit intake and preferences, perception on fruit consumption, fruit availability, and factors that hamper students’ fruit intake. Descriptive statistical techniques (frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviations) as well as inferential tools (one-sample T-test, Pearson product-moment correlation, Chi-square one variable test, and Binomial test) were used in the data analysis, and statistical significance determined at the 5% level (P≤0.05). Major findings from the study were that, students (65%) significantly do not eat the recommended serving of fruits in a day (P 0.05) influence the intake of fruits by the respondents (x<2.50, P<0.05). Price scores (x = 3.21) as well as satiety scores (x = 3.32) were the significant variables found to hinder students’ fruit intake (P<0.05). Strategies to increase intake of fruits, should give more attention to the price and satiety variables.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dietary reference intakes (DRI), like its predecessor, the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), are reference values, based on the best scientific evidence available, that serve as reference amounts of specific nutrients and food components for use in assessing the adequacy of and in planning for nutritious diets.
Abstract: Dietary reference intakes (DRI), like its predecessor, the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), are reference values, based on the best scientific evidence available. They serve as reference amounts of specific nutrients and food components for use in assessing the adequacy of and in planning for nutritious diets. They have been used for over 50 y as the basis for national nutrition monitoring and intervention programs in the United States, Canada, and other countries and as the basis for dietary guidance developed for both individuals and for targeted groups of people. Thus, although not developed for specific policy applications, they have represented the best scientific perspectives regarding what should be the basis for nutrition and public health policy related to foods and supplements. In determining DRIs, as was the case with the RDA, significant attention must be paid to the form of the nutrient or food component that is evaluated. Research conducted to determine how much of a nutrient is needed must evaluate the chemical form provided, the matrix in which it is given and the effect of other food components on absorption and/or utilization. Because the DRI recommendations will be used in population-wide policy development, assumptions must be made explicitly about what is expected for all of these factors in a typical diet. At the same time, where data exist relative to nontypical but potentially very significant effects on bioavailability, these must also be delineated to be of use in a variety of settings. Finally, one of the most important aspects of determining bioavailability in developing reference intakes is that as new information emerges, new complexities enter into the process. As more chemical complexes of nutrients and food components become available in the marketplace, new bioavailability factors may need to be established. Examples of such changes exist in the DRI reports already published for vitamin B-12 and folate and in previous RDA for iron and protein. It is often the different assumptions related to bioavailability that alter the reference intakes used as the basis for public health policy in different countries, rather than the basic science from which the recommendation is derived.

16 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202319
202220
202135
202039
201929
201838