Reference Daily Intake

About: Reference Daily Intake is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1564 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52794 citations.

Demographics, health-related behaviors, eating habits and knowledge associated with vegetable intake in Japanese adults.

Abstract: Demographics, health-related behaviors, eating habits and knowledge associated with vegetable intake in Japanese adults

Zinc concentration of breast milk and its diurnal variation in Bangladeshi mothers.

Abstract: Deficient dietary zinc intake has been associated with diminished growth velocity Until the age of 4-6 months milk is the only dietary source of zinc for most infants This study investigated the zinc content of mature breast milk of low-income Bangladeshi mothers Enrolled were 34 exclusively breast-feeding mothers of low socioeconomic status in the 6th-36th week of lactation who submitted 3 samples of breast milk at different times (5-7 am 2-3 pm and 10 pm) within a single day Two-thirds of these mothers had a body mass index less than 20 Only 205% of the 102 total milk samples contained at least 3 mcg/ml of zinc the recommended daily intake The range was 017-438 mcg/ml The average zinc content was 210 mcg/ml in the early morning 174 mcg/ml at mid-afternoon and 184 mcg/ml at late evening There were significant differences between the morning and mid-afternoon samples Breast milks zinc content was not associated with maternal age parity maternal body mass index or age of the child The low zinc content of breast milk identified in this study raises serious concerns about the growth and development of the children of low-income women in Bangladesh and other developing countries

Current framework for Dri development: what are the pros and cons?

Abstract: In 1994, two major changes were made to the development of reference values. One was that the values could be based on an endpoint associated with the risk of chronic disease. The second was that reference values in addition to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) would be provided to address the increasingly broad applications of reference values. However, these major changes to the DRI development process have both pros and cons. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the level of intake for which the risk of inadequacy would be 50 percent. The RDA is two standard deviations (SDs) above the EAR, covering 97 percent of the population. The Adequate Intake (AI) as a reference value was not envisioned until the lack of dose–response data precluded study committees from determining the level at which the risk of inadequacy would be 50 percent. This was often exacerbated by a lack of longitudinal studies. As a result, AIs were generally set when an EAR could not be established.2 These include calcium, vitamin D, chloride, chromium, fluoride, potassium, manganese, sodium, and vitamin K. For calcium, an AI was issued due to uncertainty about methods used in older balance studies, a lack of concordance between observational and experimental data (i.e., the mean intakes of the population are lower than the values needed to achieve calcium retention), and a lack of longitudinal dose–response data to verify an association between the amounts needed for calcium retention and bone fracture or bone loss. For vitamin D, an AI was developed because the study committee did not know how much dietary vitamin D is needed to maintain normal calcium metabolism and bone health, primarily because vitamin D is a complicated hormone: Exposure to sunlight, skin pigmentation, the latitude at which one lives, and the amount of clothing one …

Dietary reference intervals for Vitamin D

Abstract: Dietary reference intervals relate to the distribution of dietary requirement for a particular nutrient as defined by the distribution of physiological requirement for that nutrient. These have more commonly been called Dietary Reference Values (DRV) or Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), amongst other names. The North American DRI for vitamin D are the most current dietary reference intervals and arguably arising from the most comprehensive evaluation and report on vitamin D nutrition to date. These are a family of nutrient reference values, including the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), the Adequate Intake, and Tolerable Upper Intake Level. In particular, the EAR is used for planning and assessing diets of populations; it also serves as the basis for calculating the RDA, a value intended to meet the needs of nearly all people. The DRVs for vitamin D in the UK and the European Community have been in existence for almost two decades, and both are currently under review. The present paper briefly overviews these three sets of dietary reference intervals as case studies to highlight both the similarities as well as possible differences that may exist between reference intervals for vitamin D in different countries/regions. In addition, it highlights the scientific basis upon which these are based, which may explain some of the differences. Finally, it also overviews how the dietary reference intervals for vitamin D may be applied, and especially in terms of assessing the adequacy of vitamin D intake in populations.