Topic
Reference Daily Intake
About: Reference Daily Intake is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1564 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52794 citations.
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TL;DR: Dolic acid fortification of cereals is advised to raise folate intake in rural Chinese women planning to become pregnant in a rural area of northern China associated with a high prevalence of neural tube defects.
Abstract: Background
The study aims to assess dietary folate levels and food sources in women immediately before pregnancy in a rural area of northern China associated with a high prevalence of neural tube defects.
Methods
Information was collected by face-to-face interviews with women who sought premarital healthcare and planned to become pregnant within the next 12 months from November 2009 through December 2012. Information regarding food consumption was obtained by means of 24-hr dietary recall. Folate values were assigned to foods according to the China Food Composition 2004. Factors associated with dietary folate intake were analyzed by multiple linear regression.
Results
Mean (± standard deviation) and median (interquartile range) daily folate intake levels were 114.3 ± 59.7 and 102.8 (69.3–146.8) μg/day, respectively. Over 99% of the subjects had an intake level below 320 μg/day, the estimated average requirement for nonpregnant women. Only 1% and 7% of the women consumed 75% and 50%, respectively, of the recommended daily folate intake of 400 μg for nonpregnant women. Over 80% of total folate consumption came from cereals, vegetables, and tubers, whereas fruit consumption was severely lacking. Underweight women, farmers, women enrolled during the winter, and women with access to fewer food types or daily meals were more likely to exhibit low folate intake levels.
Conclusion
Dietary folate intake among study participants was far below the recommended intake level. Folic acid fortification of cereals is advised to raise folate intake in rural Chinese women planning to become pregnant. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:27–36, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
8 citations
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TL;DR: Children are vulnerable to high sodium intake as a result of their food patterns and the high sodium content of these foods, and knowledge of feeding practices involving high-sodium foods can assist parents and caregivers in reducing the high Sodium intake of young children.
Abstract: Objective: To determine the intake distribution and food sources of sodium among young children.Methods: Dietary intake was determined for 190 children, 16 months to 6 years of age, using a food frequency questionnaire completed by interviewing a parent. Dietary intake of all nutrients, including dietary sodium, was analyzed. The major food sources of sodium were assessed by grouping foods into categories based on Canada's Food Guide, with subsequent subdivision into food type categories.Results: Dietary sodium intakes were skewed, with a median intake of 2021 mg/d and 5th–95th percentile range of 888–3975 mg/d. The sodium intake of 91.6% of children was above the recommended 1000 or 1200 mg/d for children 1–3 or 3–6 years, respectively, and 85% and 54% had intakes above the tolerable upper limits of 1500 and 1900 mg/d, respectively. The 5 food sources providing the highest amount of sodium were soups, processed/fast foods, dairy products, breads, and processed meats.Conclusion: Children are vulnerable to...
8 citations
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TL;DR: Survey data on contemporary supplement intake in Germany are scarce, and the contribution of supplements to nutrient intake is especially unclear, so it is recommended to ask for supplement Intake in future dietary surveys within Germany.
Abstract: Survey data on contemporary supplement intake in Germany are scarce, and the contribution of supplements to nutrient intake is especially unclear. In the MONICA Project Augsburg a dietary survey using 7-day weighed records was carried out in a subsample of 607 eligible men aged 45–64 years from the city of Augsburg (participation 430 men=71%) in 1994/95. Participants also reported their intake of supplements. The German national food data base BLS (version 2.1), which was used to code the records and calculate the nutrients, had to be complemented by nutrient data of supplements and fortified foods. On a group level the maximum mean percentage contribution of supplements to the intake of a micronutrient was 4.0% (vitamin C). On an individual level, however, up to 4.0% of the men were found to receive more than 50% of their intake of selected micronutrients from supplements. It is, therefore, recommended to ask for supplement intake in future dietary surveys within Germany.
8 citations
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TL;DR: The developed food intake pattern meets all nutrient goals except for vitamin D and makes it possible to advise on discretionary energy.
Abstract: Background Danish adolescents have poor dietary habits compared to current recommendations. The present study aimed to develop a recommended food intake pattern for adolescents consistent with Danish Dietary Guidelines (DDG), Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) and dietary preferences. Methods The nutrient content of a food intake pattern consistent with DDG was calculated using dietary intake data from a random sample of 11-15-year-old boys (n = 85) and girls (n = 70). A recommended food intake pattern was modelled to meet NNR. The discretionary energy allowance was calculated as the difference between the total energy level and the energy needed to meet recommended nutrient needs. The flexibility of the recommended food intake pattern was tested against various energy requirements and with the inclusion of basic foods with higher sugar and/or fat content. Results The developed food intake pattern meets all nutrient goals except for vitamin D. At low energy requirements, the intake of iron and selenium is of concern. To fulfil nutrient recommendations, half of the bread/cereals and vegetables consumed should be fibre-rich, and fats should be of plant origin. Conclusions The recommended food intake pattern meets most nutrient recommendations and makes it possible to advise on discretionary energy.
8 citations