Reference Daily Intake

About: Reference Daily Intake is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1564 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52794 citations.

Dietary cadmium intake by the Belgian adult population.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary cadmium (Cd) intake of the Belgian adult population, to compare this dietary Cd exposure to the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) recently established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and to determine the major food groups that contribute to dietary Cd exposure in Belgium. Food consumption data were derived from the 2004 Belgian food consumption survey (two 24 h recalls, 3083 participants). Cadmium concentrations in food items (n = 4000) were gathered from the control program of the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain for the period 2006-2008. Dietary intake per individual was calculated from consumption data and median Cd concentrations. The population mean, median and 95th percentile of the dietary intake values were 0.98, 0.85 and 2.02 µg kg⁻¹ body weight per week respectively. Two percent of the Belgian adult population has a dietary Cd intake above the recent TWI of 2.5 µg kg⁻¹ body weight established by EFSA in 2009. Cereal products and potatoes contribute for more than 60% to Cd intake.

The Chinese Total Diet Study in 1990. Part II. Nutrients

Abstract: This paper reports the intakes of 72 nutrients and their dietary sources obtained from the Chinese total diet study in 1990 Most of the nutrient intakes are close or equal to their corresponding recommended daily allowances (RDAs) Both the total energy intake (2203 kcal) and the proportions contributed by protein, fat, and carbohydrate meet the current Chinese RDAs and the World Health Organization (WHO) nutrient goals The average protein intake was 64 g/day The intake of essential amino acids all exceeded the Chinese RDA, and their proportions were generally consistent with the WHO recommended pattern The average fat intake was 512 g/day (212% of the total energy intake) However, the dietary fat intake has been increasing significantly in the Chinese diet and the proportion of animal fat has reached 53% of the total fat intake The total saturated:total monounsaturated: total polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio was 10:15:10 Although the average cholesterol intake was only 179 mg/day, it was 248 mg/day in the South 1 region The intakes of thiamine and riboflavin were below the RDA Retinol intakes in all the 4 regions were low Most (80%) of the retinol (equivalent) intakes were from carotenoids The average intake of total tocopherol was 89% of the RDA, and among the 4 regions, only the South 2 region has relatively low intake The intakes of iron, copper, manganese, sodium, and phosphorus were adequate The intakes of calcium, zinc, and potassium were insufficient, and intakes of selenium and magnesium were a little low High sodium and low potassium intake is a traditional problem in the Chinese diet

Hydration Needs throughout the Lifespan

Abstract: In 2004, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a report presenting reference intake information about water, sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes for Americans and Canadians. The report established, for the first time, adequate intakes (AI) for total water (from drinking water, beverages, and food) for healthy people. An AI is the recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally-determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group or groups of apparently health people that are assumed to be adequate. The AI for water is based on US survey data. The recommendations about water intake are for healthy populations--they do not apply to at-risk groups.

Longitudinal changes in dietary intake in Scottish women around the menopause: changes in dietary pattern result in minor changes in nutrient intake.

Abstract: Objective To examine dietary change that has occurred over 5 to 6 years. Subjects A cohort of Scottish women ( n =898) with a mean age of 47.5 years (range 45–54 years) at baseline. Design Dietary intake was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and analysed using the UK Composition of Foods database. Results Since the first dietary assessment, mean daily energy intake had decreased from 8.2±2.3 to 7.9±2.2 MJ. The degree of low energy reporting (defined as ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate >1.1) had increased from 18.7% at baseline to 25.6% at follow-up. Low energy reporters were significantly heavier than ‘normal’ energy reporters (mean weight at follow-up, 68.9±12.6 vs. 66.8±11.3 kg) and could be deliberately restricting intake rather than underreporting. Overall there were decreases in intakes of red meat, processed meat and cheese, but increases in poultry and non-oily fish consumption. Consumption of bread, biscuits and cakes had gone down and there was an increase in cereal and rice/pasta consumption. Intake of potatoes had decreased whereas fruit intake had increased. There were small but statistically significant differences in intakes for most nutrients (>8% change). Nutrient intakes at both visits were similar across menopausal status and usage groups of hormone replacement therapy. Modifications to the computer version of the McCance and Widdowson nutrient database, which differed from the published version, were noted. These changes altered the original baseline values for our study. Conclusions The menopause per se is not a period of marked change in nutrient intake. Caution is advised when using computer databases of food compositions for longitudinal studies.