Reference Daily Intake

About: Reference Daily Intake is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1564 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52794 citations.

A Randomized Trial of Calcium Supplementation for Childhood Lead Poisoning

Abstract: Objective. Lead (Pb) poisoning remains a common disease among children despite successful public health efforts that have reduced its prevalence. Treatment options for children with blood Pb levels (BPbs) Methods. Children aged 1 to 6 years with BPbs 10 to 45 μg/dL were enrolled in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of Ca supplementation on BPbs. Children received either a Ca-containing liquid or an indistinguishable placebo. Dosage was adjusted biweekly on the basis of responses to a dietary Ca intake questionnaire to reach 1800 mg in the Ca-supplemented group. Samples for BPbs and measures to assess safety were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation and after an additional 3 months of follow-up. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results. A total of 67 of 88 enrolled children with a mean age of 3.6 years completed 3 months of supplementation. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on hematologic and biochemical measures, including serum and urinary Ca, at any time points. The average compliance rate was estimated to be 80% for each group during the 3-month supplementation period. Conclusions. At enrollment, the average daily Ca intake in this group of inner-city children was greater than the recommended daily intake for age. Although BPbs declined during a 3-month period in both groups, Ca supplementation aimed at providing 1800 mg of Ca/day had no effect on the change in BPbs. Ca supplementation should not be routinely prescribed for mild to moderately Pb-poisoned children who are dietarily Ca sufficient.

Health risk assessment of zinc, chromium, and nickel from cow meat consumption in an urban Nigerian population.

Abstract: Background:Meat consumption is increasingly becoming a larger part of diets worldwide. However, the bioaccumulation of toxic metals from anthropogenic pollution is a potential health risk to human health.Objective:To measure the daily intake of zinc, chromium, and nickel from cow meat consumption and assess the possible health risks in an urban population in Nigeria.Methods:Dried meat samples were digested with 3 : 2HNO3 : HClO4 v/v. Zinc, chromium, and nickel concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Daily intakes of meat were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Results:The estimated daily intakes (EDI) (μg/person/day) ranges were: zinc (10 496–13 459), chromium (310·90–393·73), and nickel (26·72–34·87). Estimated daily intake for zinc was 15–30% of provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) and for nickel it was 8–15% of tolerable daily intake (TDI).Conclusion:Chromium intakes were above recommended daily intake (RDI). Target hazard quotient...

Efficacy of a Nonrestricted Fat Diet in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract: • We sought to determine if an increased oral intake with a noninvasive nutrition program in patients with cystic fibrosis could influence growth, weight gain, and pulmonary function. Thirty-seven patients, aged 2 to 27 years, were instructed to consume a nonrestricted fat diet during an intervention period of 4 years. The results showed that patients increased the mean energy intake significantly to a level of more than 120% of the recommended daily allowance. The enhanced intake resulted in significant weight gain. Pulmonary function (forced expiratory flow25%75%) deteriorated during the 2-year preintervention period but stabilized during the 4-year intervention period. Both male and female patients were able to maintain their established height and weight scores during adolescence. The recommendation for a high-energy diet with no restrictions placed on the fat intake and the control of the steatorrhea by administration of an optimal enzyme dosage is supported by our data. individualized nutritional counseling should be attempted before implementing invasive nutritional intervention programs. (AJDC. 1989;143:458-464)

High quality nutrient intake is associated with higher household expenditures by Japanese adults

Abstract: There is little evidence of socioeconomic differences in dietary intake in the Japanese population. This study examined the association between household expenditures and dietary intake using nationally representative surveys of Japan. We analyzed data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions and National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003-2007. For subjects ages 18 to 74 years (11,240 men and 11,472 women), the sex-specific association between household expenditure quartiles and selected nutrient intake was examined using comparison of means and prevalence of a healthy intake. Higher household expenditures were associated with an increase in the mean levels of total energy, fat, protein, carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins A and C, niacin, and fiber for both men and women and salt for men. Prevalence comparison indicated that most of the recommendations for dietary intake were met for people with higher household expenditures than for those with lower household expenditures. There was no clear association between fat intake and expenditures. Higher household expenditures were associated with a healthy and balanced nutrient intake in Japanese adults. The findings suggest that socioeconomic differences in dietary patterns contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and morbidity in Japan.

Barriers and facilitators of consumer use of nutrition labels at sit-down restaurant chains.

Abstract: ObjectiveNumerous localities have mandated that chain restaurants post nutrition information at the point of purchase. However, some studies suggest that consumers are not highly responsive to menu labelling. The present qualitative study explored influences on full-service restaurant customers’ noticing and using menu labelling.DesignFive focus groups were conducted with thirty-six consumers. A semi-structured script elicited barriers and facilitators to using nutrition information by showing excerpts of real menus from full-service chain restaurants.SettingParticipants were recruited from a full-service restaurant chain in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, in September 2011.SubjectsFocus group participants were mostly female, African American, with incomes <$US 60 000, mean age 36 years and education 14·5 years. At recruitment, 33 % (n 12) reported changing their order after seeing nutrition information on the menu.ResultsThree themes characterized influences on label use in restaurants: nutrition knowledge, menu design and display, and normative attitudes and behaviours. Barriers to using labels were low prior knowledge of nutrition; displaying nutrition information using codes; low expectations of the nutritional quality of restaurant food; and restaurant discounts, promotions and social influences that overwhelmed interest in nutrition and reinforced disinterest in nutrition. Facilitators were higher prior knowledge of recommended daily intake; spending time reading the menu; having strong prior interest in nutrition/healthy eating; and being with people who reinforced dietary priorities.ConclusionsMenu labelling use may increase if consumers learn a few key recommended dietary reference values, understand basic energy intake/expenditure scenarios and if chain restaurants present nutrition information in a user-friendly way and promote healthier items.