Topic
Referral
About: Referral is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 27614 publications have been published within this topic receiving 479918 citations.
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TL;DR: This article examined predictors of teacher referrals to school counselors for disruptive behavior in a sample of students selected from the Educational Longitudinal Study 2002 (National Center for Education Statistics, n.d.).
Abstract: Disproportionality plagues schools nationwide in special education placement, dropout, discipline referral, suspension, and expulsion rates. This study examined predictors of teacher referrals to school counselors for disruptive behavior in a sample of students selected from the Educational Longitudinal Study 2002 (National Center for Education Statistics, n.d.). Findings demonstrated that students’ race predicted English teacher referrals; students’ gender, previous disciplinary infractions, and teachers’ postsecondary expectations for students predicted English and math teacher referrals. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
122 citations
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TL;DR: A multi-component community based intervention, targeting multiple outcomes, and delivered by trained lay health workers, supervised by mental health specialists, is an acceptable and feasible intervention for treating schizophrenia in India.
Abstract: Background: Care for schizophrenia in low and middle income countries is predominantly facility based and led by specialists, with limited use of non-pharmacological treatments. Although community based psychosocial interventions are emphasised, there is little evidence about their acceptability and feasibility. Furthermore, the shortage of skilled manpower is a major barrier to improving access to these interventions. Our study aimed to develop a lay health worker delivered community based intervention in three sites in India. This paper describes how the intervention was developed systematically, following the MRC framework for the development of complex interventions. Methods: We reviewed the lierature on the burden of schizophrenia and the treatment gap in low and middle income countries and the evidence for community based treatments, and identified intervention components. We then evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of this package of care through formative case studies with individuals with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers and piloted its delivery with 30 families. Results: Based on the reviews, our intervention comprised five components (psycho-education; adherence management; rehabilitation; referral to community agencies; and health promotion) to be delivered by trained lay health workers supervised by specialists. The intervention underwent a number of changes as a result of formative and pilot work. While all the components were acceptable and most were feasible, experiences of stigma and discrimination were inadequately addressed; some participants feared that delivery of care at home would lead to illness disclosure; some participants and providers did not understand how the intervention related to usual care; some families were unwilling to participate; and there were delivery problems, for example, in meeting the targeted number of sessions. Participants found delivery by health workers acceptable, and expected them to have knowledge about the subject matter. Some had expectations regarding their demographic and personal characteristics, for example, preferring only females or those who are understanding/friendly. New components to address stigma were then added to the intervention, the collaborative nature of service provision was strengthened, a multi-level supervision system was developed, and delivery of components was made more flexible. Criteria were evolved for the selection and training of the health workers based on participants’ expectations.
121 citations
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TL;DR: Efforts are being made to provide equitable and relevant health care for women and to conduct research that will describe women's cardiac symptoms and their responses to cardiovascular technology.
121 citations
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TL;DR: The bundle is modeled after other bundles released by the Council on Patient Safety in Women's Health Care and provides broad direction for incorporating perinatal mood and anxiety disorder screening, intervention, referral, and follow-up into maternity care practice across health care settings.
121 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that African Americans are about half as likely as whites to receive interventional therapy for coronary artery disease, and this findings present a challenge to the presumed equality in access to health care within the United States medical system.
Abstract: Studies based on a variety of primary data sets have consistently demonstrated that African Americans are about half as likely as whites to receive interventional therapy for coronary artery disease. Neither disease severity per se nor access to hospitals performing these procedures accounts for this finding. Likewise, available measures of income and ability to pay, including insurance status, do not explain the differences. Subtle personal factors, including physician bias and the willingness of patients to accept referral for surgery, may be important but have not as yet been measured. These findings present a challenge to the presumed equality in access to health care within the United States medical system. A new generation of health services research studies will be required to provide definitive reasons for this important disparity in treatment.
121 citations