Topic
Reflection (physics)
About: Reflection (physics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 45189 publications have been published within this topic receiving 510226 citations. The topic is also known as: reflexion & mirroring.
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Book•
01 Jan 1963TL;DR: In this paper, the scope of seismology is discussed, including elasticity theory, body elastic waves and eigen-vibrations of a sphere, as well as the Earth's interior.
Abstract: Preface 1. The scope of seismology 2. Elasticity theory 3. Vibrations and waves 4. Body elastic waves 5. Surface elastic waves and eigen-vibrations of a sphere 6. Reflection and refraction of elastic waves 7. Seismic rays in a spherically stratified Earth model 8. Amplitudes of the surface motion due to seismic waves in a spherically stratified Earth model 9. Seismometry 10. Construction of travel-time tables 11. The seismological observatory 12. Seismic waves in anomalous structures 13. Seismic waves and planetary interiors 14. Long-period oscillations and the Earth's interior 15. Earthquake statistics and predictions 16. The earthquake source 17. Strong-motion seismology Appendix Selected bibliography References Unit conversion table Index.
980 citations
01 Jan 1977
947 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the reflection phase feature of EBG surfaces, which can be used to identify the input-match frequency band inside of which a low profile wire antenna exhibits a good return loss.
Abstract: Mushroom-like electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures exhibit unique electromagnetic properties that have led to a wide range of electromagnetic device applications. This paper focuses on the reflection phase feature of EBG surfaces: when plane waves normally illuminate an EBG structure, the phase of the reflected field changes continuously from 180/spl deg/ to -180/spl deg/ versus frequency. One important application of this feature is that one can replace a conventional perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground plane with an EBG ground plane for a low profile wire antenna design. For this design, the operational frequency band of an EBG structure is defined as the frequency region within which a low profile wire antenna radiates efficiently, namely, having a good return loss and radiation patterns. The operational frequency band is the overlap of the input-match frequency band and the surface-wave frequency bandgap. It is revealed that the reflection phase curve can be used to identify the input-match frequency band inside of which a low profile wire antenna exhibits a good return loss. The surface-wave frequency bandgap of the EBG surface that helps improve radiation patterns is very close to its input-match frequency band, resulting in an effective operational frequency band. In contrast, a thin grounded slab cannot work efficiently as a ground plane for low profile wire antennas because its surface-wave frequency bandgap and input-match frequency band do not overlap. Parametric studies have been performed to obtain design guidelines for EBG ground planes. Two novel EBG ground planes with interesting electromagnetic features are also presented. The rectangular patch EBG ground plane has a polarization dependent reflection phase and the slotted patch EBG ground plane shows a compact size.
945 citations
Book•
22 Feb 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed development of the acoustical wave equation, including propagation in Stratified media and propagation in Dissipative Fluids: Absorption and Dispersion.
Abstract: Detailed Development of the Acoustical Wave Equation. Reflection and Transmission of Normally Incident Plane Waves of Arbitrary Waveform. Normal Incidence Continued: Steady-State Analysis. Transmission Phenomena: Oblique Incidence. Normal Modes in Cartesian Coordinates: Strings, Membranes, Rooms, and Rectangular Waveguides. Horns. Propagation in Stratified Media. Propagation in Dissipative Fluids: Absorption and Dispersion. Spherical Waves. Cylindrical Waves. Waveguides. Radiation from a Baffled Piston. Diffraction. Arrays. Appendices. Index.
920 citations
TL;DR: When a spherical mirror interferometer is illuminated by an off-axis ray of light, the repeated reflections cause the ray to trace a path which lies on the surface of a hyperboloid, with the points of reflection on the mirrors on ellipses as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: When a spherical mirror interferometer is illuminated by an off-axis ray of light, the repeated reflections cause the ray to trace a path which lies on the surface of a hyperboloid, with the points of reflection on the mirrors on ellipses. Under special conditions, these ellipses may become circles, with the points of reflection displaced by an angle 2θ after every round trip. When 2νθ = 2μπ, ν and μ being integers, the rays retrace their paths. These ray paths give rise to additional resonances which were observed. Pictures of the points of reflection are reproduced. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental observations. In laser amplifiers these ray paths enable one to obtain long effective path lengths in the active medium which may be contained in a thin annular cylindrical or hyperboloidal shell.
835 citations