Showing papers on "Reflector (antenna) published in 1980"

Alpha-numeric display array and method of manufacture

Abstract: An alpha-numeric array is provided for the selective display of characters as controlled by associated character generator programming circuitry. The display array in one character format utilizes a 5×7 matrix array of individually operable illumination sources, LED solid state lamps for example, with programmed combinations of the individual illumination sources being operated to display the programmed characters. The display array includes a lens and front panel array having integrally formed lens areas. The lens areas of the lens and front panel array when unactuated are essentially indistinguishable from the front panel array background area thus providing improved contrast. The display array also includes a reflector array having integrally formed reflector cavities. The integrally formed reflector cavities include predetermined surface characteristics for collimating the light rays emanating from the central axis of the reflector cavities. The display array also includes an illumination source alignment and mounting array having integrally formed illumination source mounting arrangements and integrally formed illumination source alignment arrangements.

Targeted infrared thermometer

Abstract: An apparatus for use in determining the temperature of or at a specific area by measuring the infrared radiation from that area through the use of a reflector structure to direct the radiation from the area to an infrared detector can be improved by using a laser to provide two light beams which are directed so as to intersect at a distance from the apparatus corresponding to the principal focus of the reflector structure

Fresnel spiral reflector and method for making same

Abstract: A spiral Fresnel reflector is formed by plotting a predetermined developed spiral on a flat sheet of reflecting material, cutting the flat sheet of reflecting material along the developed spiral and winding up the developed spiral until the spiral arms focus reflective light at a focal area. The developed spiral can have either a positive or a negative focal length.

Remote control surveying

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remote control surveying which eliminates the need for a rod man or other assistant while performing surveying operations with an electronic distance measuring device. The method includes positioning reflectors over the end points of a base line of known length, positioning an electronic distance measuring device over a desired survey station, rotating the reflectors into alignment with the electronic measuring device by remote control, and measuring the distance from the survey station to the two reflectors. The method also includes traverse operations using a single reflector positioned over a base point. The location of the survey station can then be calculated and the electronic distance measuring device may be relocated to subsequent survey stations and the reflectors realigned by remote control. The apparatus includes an attachment for a standard surveyor's tribrach which rotatably supports a standard reflector unit and an electric motor in a vertical position. An operator selectively activates switches on a portable radio transmitter. The signal is received by a control box which energizes the motor to rotate the reflector unit in the desired direction. A stroboscopic light may be attached to the top of the reflector unit to rotate in conjunction with the reflector unit and aid in its alignment.

Confocal reflector system

Abstract: A reflective focussing system comprises two concave reflectors. Each reflector is a surface of revolution generated by rotating selected quadratic conic sections about an axis. The first reflector has its first focus on the axis and the second reflector has its first focus on, or at least centered on, the axis, and located on the side of the second reflector remote from the first reflector. The second foci of the reflectors are commonly located. Alternative arrangements are disclosed in which the second foci of the two reflectors are not commonly located, but further means is provided to project radiation from the first reflector to the second focus of the second reflector; in which one or both of said foci are rings centered on the axis rather than points; in which adjacent pairs of reflectors are divided into portions, corresponding portions of the pair being confocal, but different portions sharing different common foci; and in which radiation projected from said two reflectors crosses the axis nil, one or a plurality of times.

Internal shield for trough-like reflector

Abstract: A lighting fixture having a trough-type reflector and further having planar end reflectors, such fixture also including at least one planar shield parallel to the long axis of the trough-type reflector and having an edge parallel to the aiming axis of the fixture. The shield is undercut to permit light emanations from the lamp to be reflected from the entire trough-type reflector. The shield also includes depending points at the points of contact with the end reflectors, thereby preventing light from being reflected from the end reflectors outside of the shield.

Apparatus for acoustically investigating a borehole

Abstract: An apparatus is described for acoustically investigating a casing in a borehole with a source of acoustic energy that is directed at the reflecting surface of an acoustic reflector in front of which is an acoustically transparent window. The inclination of the window relative to the reflecting surface is selected to deflect secondary transmissions and thus reduce window produced interferences. Several embodiments are described.

Method, apparatus and transducer for measurement of dimensions

Abstract: A method, a device and a transducer for dimensional measurement of objects by means of ultrasonics, where the objects are carried past at least an ultrasonic measuring device consisting of a combined transmitter/receiver or separate transmitter/receiver. The reflected ultrasonic signals are used to determine characteristic three-dimensional dimensions of the objects. Said device or devices are arranged either such that the ultrasonic beam or beams therefrom are provided with a reciprocating movement which substantially crosses the direction of movement of the objects or by letting the ultrasonic beam or beams therefrom be stationary. The delay of the reflected signals is used to form a three dimensional image of the object by means of a computer, said image being compared with known images for identification. The ultra sonic measuring device has a narrow, substantially rotation-symmetric radiation diagram. The ultra sonic radiation is directed downwards towards the conveying path through provision of means arranged above and at a distance from the objects to be measured. The transducer uses air as propogation medium and is arranged at a distance from the objects to be dimensionally measured. The transducer consists of an electro-acoustic oscillator arranged coaxially with the centerline of a substantially conical ultrasonic reflector, the angle of aperture of the reflector relative to the center line through the reflector being equal to 45°. The transducer provides ultrasonics having a wavelength in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 1.1 to 1.4 mm.

Maximum reflectance of multilayer dielectric mirrors in the presence of slight absorption

Abstract: A new design technique for multilayer reflectors is presented It is useful when slight absorption by one or both of the coating materials limits the performance of the reflector. The basic procedure is to add layers to a given substrate or multilayer system one pair at a time. The thickness of each layer is chosen to give the maximum increase in reflectance for each pair of layers added. In general, the optical thicknesses of the layers in each pair are not quarter waves, but depend on the optical constants of the materials, as well as the starting reflectance of the subsystem. By using such optimized pairs, it is possible to exceed the reflectance limit usually imposed on quarter-wave stack reflectors by absorption. Expressions for the optimum design and the ultimate reflectance for a high reflector made with a given set of coating materials are given. Other design techniques found in the literature require more layers to achieve the same level of reflectance as the present method.

Device for measurement of optical scattering

Abstract: There is disclosed a device for measuring total diffuse optical scattering from the surface of a sample, including a surface having extremely low scatter. A light beam from a laser is directed through an entrance hole in an ellipsoidal reflector and through the vicinity of a first focus of the reflector. The reflector has a first aperture adjacent the first focus for receiving a sample to be measured and a second aperture adjacent a second focus for receiving a photoresponsive means. A sample mounting means is used to position the sample at the first focus and to orient the sample so that the portion of the light beam which is specularly reflected from the sample is directed out of an exit hole located in the reflector diametrically opposite to the entrance hole. A major portion of the light diffusely scattered from the sample into a 2π solid angle (hemisphere) reaches the second aperture either directly or by a single reflection from the reflector. The photoresponsive means such as a photomultiplier is positioned at the second aperture for detecting the magnitude of light scattered. In a specific embodiment, the ellipsoidal reflector is easily and cheaply made from two half-ellipsoidal mirrors which are joined together at their wide ends.

Guidepost for parking vehicles

Abstract: A guidepost device to be located and positioned in a garage, or other vehicle-parking area, which is arranged to be engaged by the vehicle being parked, the device including a support-base member having an elongated flexible rod secured to the support base at one end and an indicator mounted to the opposite free end of the rod, the indicator being positioned to indicate a reference point for the driver of the vehicle. The indicator can be provided by an illuminated sphere or by a flat reflector.

Universally adjustable ranging target and retro-reflector housing bracket

Abstract: A combined sighting target and bracket adapted for receiving a reflector housing for use with electronic distance measuring instruments in surveying and other civil engineering applications. The unique structure permits adjustment of three parameters that render the present invention generally compatible for use in conjunction with virtually any kind of electronic distance measuring instrument. One such adjustment, namely, vertical displacement between a reflector housing and the sighting target, permits duplication of any offset distance that exists between a telescope and ranging optics of the remotely located measuring instrument. The other adjustment features include elevation and azimuth angle variations that permit orientation of the reflecting device to be virtually normal with respect to the incoming and reflected laser, infrared, or other such energy commonly used by such electronic distance measuring instruments. The unique structure of the present invention permits such vertical and angular adjustments without incurring any substantial error contributions that would otherwise reduce the accuracy of the measurement process.

Acoustic well-logging transmitting and receiving transducers

Abstract: An acoustic well-logging transmitting transducer employing a transmitter portion comprising stacked piezoceramic rings and a resonating metallic plate, the dimension of which determines the frequency, and a conical acoustic reflector for causing reflections to impinge omnidirectionally on the wall of the borehole at an angle to enhance shear wave component propagation. A receiving portion of similar construction can also be employed.

Some geometrical design aspects of a linear Fresnel reflector concentrator

Abstract: A somewhat new approach to the design of solar concentrators of Fresnel reflector geometry is outlined. the constituent mirror elements of the concentrator surface are characterised by three parameters, shift, tilt and width. the evaluation of these parameters and the concentration characteristics are investigated on the basis of a simple ray optical model.

Strobe reflector assembly

Abstract: A reference surface is provided on the housing of a flash illumination apparatus for allowing accurate positioning of a flash tube relative to a predetermined length of a flash reflector. This reference surface is spaced from the adjacent end of the predetermined reflector length so that positioning of one tube end and the reference surface against an appropriate aligning surface accurately centers the tube relative to the reflecting surface. Moreover, either the housing or a reflector main body has structure for cooperating with separate end members of a multi-component reflector for preventing the end members from being assembled so that the reflecting surfaces thereof do not face each other.

Interferometer apparatus for microtopography

Abstract: Interferometer apparatus for measuring the microtopography of surfaces in two dimensions (surface roughness) uses monochromatic light from a laser. A beam splitter divides the light and directs a beam to the surface being measured and another beam to a reflector. The phase of the reflected beam is varied linearly by means which applies a saw tooth wave to an electromechanical transducer on which the reflector is mounted. The beam is focused onto a spot on the surface by a lens which is translated along the surface in two dimensions. The beams from the reflector and the surface are recombined by the beam splitter and the interference fringe detected thus producing an alternating current signal. The waveform is tracked during the rising portion of the waveform and sampled and held during the retrace portion of the saw tooth. Finally, the resulting waveform is filtered to provide an alternating current (AC) output, the phase change of which is a measure of the topography of the surface to a high degree of accuracy, for example, less than one Angstrom (A) vertical resolution and one micron (um) horizontal resolution. The apparatus provides a low cost profile measurement device which is highly accurate.

Combined radar and infrared scanning antenna

Abstract: An antenna system has a parabolic reflector mounted so that it points generally downwards and a primary aerial is located at the focus of that reflector. Waves from the primary aerial are reflected back by the parabolic reflector to a reflector plate through an aperture in which the primary aerial projects. Scanning in both elevation and azimuth is effected by movement of the reflector plate.

Motor vehicle lamp reflector

Abstract: The rectangular reflector has lateral reflective portions and instead of having upper and lower planar fill-in portions which can result in undesirable reflections, has upper and lower reflective portions which are constituted by an infinite number of non-circular, e.g. parabolic or elliptical, curves. These curves extend forwardly of the reflector body to terminate at the front opening thereof. The curves have foci and focal axes which are coincident and increase progressively in focal length from the center of the reflector to the lateral reflective portions. Such a reflector has improved light collection and light spreading properties.

Rim loaded reflector antennas

Abstract: A general theory of reflector antennas loaded by surface impedances is presented. Spatial variation of primary illumination is taken into account using a generalized slope diffraction coefficient. The theory is experimentally checked on surface loaded square plate scatterers and then used for computing the radiation diagram of parabolic and hyperbolic dishes. Computer programs and computed diagrams refer to the case of focal illumination and negligible tapering of primary illumination.

Luminaire apparatus including expansible reflector means and method of reflecting radiant energy to provide a spot to flood configuration

Abstract: A luminaire apparatus includes a housing having a source of radiant energy mounted therein, a rotatable light transmitting member supported at one side of the housing and reflector means. The reflector means consists of a stationary reflector body and expansible reflector means for controlling the configuration of radiation energy projected through the light transmitting member located between the stationary reflector body and the light transmitting member. In one desirable form the stationary reflector body is provided with a specular surface which projects reflected light in a spot configuration while the expansible reflector means is provided with light diffusing surfaces which are operable to progressively modify the spot configuration to provide a flood configuration. In another desirable form the specular and diffusing surfaces may be interchanged so that the stationary reflector body produces a flood configuration and the expansible reflector means is operable to modify the flood configuration to spot configuration. The expansible reflector means is engageable with the rotatable light transmitting member and comprises a plurality of reflector surfaces which are connected to one another.

Laser system and its method of use

Abstract: A laser system for medical applications has at least two lasers and a movable concave reflector The lasers are capable of generating beams of coherent electromagnetic radiation One of the beams, an aiming beam, is aligned to impinge the reflector, to reflect therefrom and to impinge a biological specimen The reflector is moved until the beam is aligned to impinge the desired position The reflector is held stationary and the second beam is generated The second beam is also aligned to impinge the reflector to reflect therefrom and to impinge the same desired position as that impinged by the first beam

Multiple frequency band, multiple beam microwave antenna system

Abstract: A single microwave-reflective antenna "dish" can be used in combination with a plurality of multiple-beam microwave feed arrays to generate or receive multiple-beam-path microwave radiation in several different frequency bands. Each of the feed arrays may operate in a discrete band of frequencies, with the combined radiations of all the arrays illuminating the reflector along a single axis. The optical system is based on the Newtonian model, such that the radiations from several arrays located off the principal axis may be combined by corresponding frequency-sensitive reflective surfaces located on the principal axis. Each of these reflective surfaces serves to direct the radiations from a single feed array toward the reflective antenna, and reciprocally, to direct radiation from the antenna to the associated feed array. By using frequency-sensitive surfaces as reflectors, a number of feed arrays can be positioned along the principal axis, the associated reflectors being reflective only at the frequency of the feed array concerned, and transparent at other frequencies.

Trifocal mirror-reflector

Abstract: TRIFOCAL MIRROR-REFLECTOR A compound reflector having a cross section in the form of a trifocal reflector is disclosed The cross section of the compound reflector comprises a first reflector section formed along an arc of a first ellipse and a second reflector section formed along an arc of a second ellipse Both ellipses share a common focal point which may be either the proximal or distal focal points of each reflector section

Solar heat utilization apparatus

Abstract: A solar heat utilization apparatus adapted to focus received sunrays and utilize the focused sunrays as heat energy for heating and cooling purposes and comprising a sunray reflector having a paraboloid and including a vertical rotary shaft extending vertically in the center of the reflector, a plurality of horizontal rotary shafts positioned below the reflector for rotatably supporting the reflector, a heat collecting means provided on the reflector above the vertical rotary shaft and, a liquid recycle pipe provided along the heat collecting means.

High ratio solar energy concentrating collector

Abstract: A solar energy concentrating collector having a concave paraboloid reflector surface supported on a plurality of segments, said segments being parabolically-shaped on the top edge and extending radially from a circle near the central axis of revolution to the periphery, and arranged to coact with a reference means which is equidistant from the central axis at all points of revolution. The reference means may be a protrusion coacting with a cutout or other indentation on the bottom edge of a semi-parabolic shaped support whereby to insure accurate placement of reflector components for high focusing accuracy after assembly.

Electronically scanned aircraft antenna system having a linear array of yagi elements

Abstract: An electronically scanned antenna system having a linear array of endfire elements. The endfire elements are laterally spaced between about 0.3 λ to 0.9 λ apart, preferably about 0.55 λ apart, to enhance the effects of mutual coupling therebetween for broadening the radiation signal pattern of the elements in the plane of the array. Advantageously, the endfire elements may be of the Yagi type with each endfire element including a common reflector, a driver, and a plurality of directors.