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Reflex

About: Reflex is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22631 publications have been published within this topic receiving 678698 citations. The topic is also known as: reflex action & GO:0060004.


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Book
01 Jan 1927
TL;DR: The development of the objective method in investigating the physiological activities of the cerebral hemispheres and the concept of Reflex, the most fundamental physiological characteristic of the hemisphere, is studied.
Abstract: The development of the objective method in investigating the physiological activities of the cerebral hemispheres. – Concept of Reflex. -- Variety of Reflexes. -- Signal reflexes, the most fundamental physiological characteristic of the hemispheres. doi : 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.1017309

2,545 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1991-Pain
TL;DR: Results indicate that NMDA receptors are involved in the induction and maintenance of the central sensitization produced by high threshold primary afferent inputs and have a bearing both on the potential role of NMDA antagonists for pre‐emptive analgesia and for treating established pain states.
Abstract: Repetitive stimulation of small diameter primary afferent fibres produces a progressive increase in action potential discharge (windup) and a prolonged increase in the excitability of neurones in the spinal cord following the stimulus. Previous studies have demonstrated that windup is the consequence of the temporal summation of slow synaptic potentials and that the slow potentials and windup are reduced by pretreatment with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonists. We have now examined whether primary afferent induced hypersensitivity states in flexor motoneurones are also dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors and whether windup is a possible trigger for the production of the central hypersensitivity. Both a non-competitive (MK-801) and a competitive (D-CPP) NMDA antagonist, at doses that did not modify the baseline reflex, reduced the facilitation of the flexor reflex produced by either brief electrical stimulation of the sural nerve (1 Hz for 20 sec at C-fibre strength), or by the cutaneous application of the chemical irritant mustard oil. These antagonists also prevented windup from occurring in the motoneurones. When the the MK-801 and the D-CPP were administered once a state of central facilitation had been induced by prior treatment with mustard oil, they returned the facilitated reflex to its pretreatment level. These results indicate that NMDA receptors are involved in the induction and maintenance of the central sensitization produced by high threshold primary afferent inputs. Because central sensitization is likely to contribute to the post-injury pain hypersensitivity states in man, these data have a bearing both on the potential role of NMDA antagonists for pre-emptive analgesia and for treating established pain states.

1,903 citations

Book
John Dewey1
13 Jun 2011
TL;DR: The idea of the reflex arc has upon the whole come nearer to meeting this demand for a general working hypothesis than any other single concept as mentioned in this paper. But it is the very cumulation of discrete facts creating the demand for unification that also breaks down previous lines of classification.
Abstract: That the greater demand for a unifying principle and controlling working hypothesis in psychology should come at just the time when all generalizations and classifications are most questioned and questionable is natural enough. It is the very cumulation of discrete facts creating the demand for unification that also breaks down previous lines of classification. The material is too great in mass and too varied in style to fit into existing pigeonholes , and the cabinets of science break of their own dead weight. The idea of the reflex arc has upon the whole come nearer to meeting this demand for a general working hypothesis than any other single concept. It being admitted that the sensori-motor apparatus represents both the unit of nerve structure and the type of nerve function, the image of this relationship passed over into psychology, and became an organizing principle to hold together the multiplicity of fact. In criticising this conception it is not intended to make a plea for the principles of explanation and classification which the reflex arc idea has replaced; but, on the contrary, to urge that they are not sufficiently displaced, and that in the idea of the sensori-motor circuit, conceptions of the nature of sensation and of action derived from the nominally displaced psychology are still in control. The older dualism between sensation and idea is repeated in the current dualism of peripheral and central structures and functions; the older dualism of body and soul finds a distinct

1,315 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Flexion-reflex and its accessory reactions in decerebrates and spinal preparations compared: flexor and extensor reflexes decerebrate and decapitate: rhythm and refractory-phase in dece rebrate and spinal reflexes respectively.
Abstract: II. Reflex-movements accessory to the flexion-reflex: crossed extensionreflex: its reflex-figure: principles of coordination exhibited: receptive-field: rebound extension .55 III. Flexion-reflex and its accessory reactions in decerebrate and spinal preparations compared: flexor and extensor reflexes decerebrate and decapitate: rhythm and refractory-phase in decerebrate and spinal reflexes respectively . .-59

1,292 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023395
2022803
2021224
2020288
2019256
2018233