Topic
Regulation of gene expression
About: Regulation of gene expression is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 85456 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5832845 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0010468 & gene expression regulation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, free radicals induce DNA sequence changes in the form of mutations, deletions, gene amplification and rearrangements, which may result in the initiation of apoptosis signalling leading to cell death, or to the activation of several proto-oncogenes and/or the inactivation of some tumour suppressor genes.
736 citations
TL;DR: The role of one family of transcription factors, the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), in inducing preadipocyte differentiation and in modulating gene expression in the fully differentiated adipocyte is explored.
736 citations
TL;DR: This work has identified a class of riboswitches that selectively recognizes guanine and becomes saturated at concentrations as low as 5 nM, and it is now apparent that ribosWitches contribute to the regulation of numerous fundamental metabolic pathways in certain bacteria.
736 citations
TL;DR: Pirh2, a gene regulated by p53 that encodes a RING-H2 domain-containing protein with intrinsic ubiquitin-protein ligase activity, is described and it is proposed that Pirh2 is involved in the negative regulation of p53 function through physical interaction and ubiquit in-mediated proteolysis.
735 citations
TL;DR: Insight is provided into the critical features of the methylome of human early embryos, as well as its functional relation to the regulation of gene expression and the repression of transposable elements, which indicate that early embryos tend to retain higher residual methylation at the evolutionarily younger and more active transposability elements.
Abstract: DNA methylation is a crucial element in the epigenetic regulation of mammalian embryonic development. However, its dynamic patterns have not been analysed at the genome scale in human pre-implantation embryos due to technical difficulties and the scarcity of required materials. Here we systematically profile the methylome of human early embryos from the zygotic stage through to post-implantation by reduced representation bisulphite sequencing and whole-genome bisulphite sequencing. We show that the major wave of genome-wide demethylation is complete at the 2-cell stage, contrary to previous observations in mice. Moreover, the demethylation of the paternal genome is much faster than that of the maternal genome, and by the end of the zygotic stage the genome-wide methylation level in male pronuclei is already lower than that in female pronuclei. The inverse correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression gradually strengthens during early embryonic development, reaching its peak at the post-implantation stage. Furthermore, we show that active genes, with the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) mark at the promoter regions in pluripotent human embryonic stem cells, are essentially devoid of DNA methylation in both mature gametes and throughout pre-implantation development. Finally, we also show that long interspersed nuclear elements or short interspersed nuclear elements that are evolutionarily young are demethylated to a milder extent compared to older elements in the same family and have higher abundance of transcripts, indicating that early embryos tend to retain higher residual methylation at the evolutionarily younger and more active transposable elements. Our work provides insights into the critical features of the methylome of human early embryos, as well as its functional relation to the regulation of gene expression and the repression of transposable elements.
734 citations