Topic
Regulation of gene expression
About: Regulation of gene expression is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 85456 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5832845 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0010468 & gene expression regulation.
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TL;DR: The different modes of regulation of Nrf2 activity are reviewed and the current knowledge of NRF2-mediated transcriptional control is reviewed to provide insight into mechanisms of disease and instruct new treatment strategies.
Abstract: Significance: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that coordinates the basal and stress-inducible activation of a vast array of cytoprotective genes. Unders...
1,114 citations
TL;DR: Two important Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-regulated mechanisms in hippocampal neurons are found: a CaM kinase cascade involving nuclear CaMKIV and a calcineurin-dependent regulation of nuclear protein phosphatase 1 activity.
1,112 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the state of knowledge about large-scale measurements of absolute protein and mRNA expression levels, and the degree of correlation between the two parameters.
Abstract: Cellular states are determined by differential expression of the cell’s proteins. The relationship between protein and mRNA expression levels informs about the combined outcomes of translation and protein degradation which are, in addition to transcription and mRNA stability, essential contributors to gene expression regulation. This review summarizes the state of knowledge about large-scale measurements of absolute protein and mRNA expression levels, and the degree of correlation between the two parameters. We summarize the information that can be derived from comparison of protein and mRNA expression levels and discuss how corresponding sequence characteristics suggest modes of regulation.
1,107 citations
TL;DR: It is document that Stat5a is the principal and an obligate mediator of mammopoietic and lactogenic signaling.
Abstract: Prolactin (PRL) induces mammary gland development (defined as mammopoiesis) and lactogenesis. Binding of PRL to its receptor leads to the phosphorylation and activation of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins, which in turn promote the expression of specific genes. The activity pattern of two STAT proteins, Stat5a and Stat5b, in mammary tissue during pregnancy suggests an active role for these transcription factors in epithelial cell differentiation and milk protein gene expression. To investigate the function of Stat5a in mammopoiesis and lactogenesis we disrupted this gene in mice by gene targeting. Stat5a-deficient mice developed normally and were indistinguishable from hemizygous and wild-type littermates in size, weight, and fertility. However, mammary lobuloalveolar outgrowth during pregnancy was curtailed, and females failed to lactate after parturition because of a failure of terminal differentiation. Although Stat5b has a 96% similarity with Stat5a and a superimposable expression pattern during mammary gland development it failed to counterbalance for the absence of Stat5a. These results document that Stat5a is the principal and an obligate mediator of mammopoietic and lactogenic signaling.
1,106 citations
TL;DR: The effects of manipulating COX4 subunit expression on COX activity, ATP production, O(2) consumption, and reactive oxygen species generation indicate that the COX 4 subunit switch is a homeostatic response that optimizes the efficiency of respiration at different O( 2) concentrations.
1,105 citations