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Showing papers on "Reliability (statistics) published in 1977"



Book
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling framework for Bayesian Reliability in Design and Testing, which automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of estimating Reliability Measures.
Abstract: Introduction. Reliability Measures. Static Reliability Models. Probabilistic Engineering Design. Combination of Random Variable's in Design. Interference Theory and Reliability Computations. Reliability Design Examples. Time Dependent Stress-Strength Models. Dynamic Reliability Models. Reliability Estimation: Exponential Distribution. Reliability Estimation: Weibull Distribution. Sequential Life Testing. Bayesian Reliability in Design and Testing. Reliability Optimization. Author Index. Subject Index.

947 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of the development of a self-report measure of innovativeness and discuss the utility of such an instrument in human communication research, together with issues relating to its reliability, validity, and association with social desirability.
Abstract: This paper reports the results of the development of a self-report measure of innovative-ness. The utility of such an instrument in human communication research is discussed, together with issues relating to its reliability, validity, and association with social desirability.

852 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two approaches to determining interobserver reliability are described: percentage agreement and "correlational" measures of reliability.
Abstract: Two types of interobserver reliability values may be needed in treatment studies in which observers constitute the primary data-acquisition system: trial reliability and the reliability of the composite unit or score which is subsequently analyzed, e.g., daily or weekly session totals. Two approaches to determining interobserver reliability are described: percentage agreement and "correlational" measures of reliability. The interpretation of these estimates, factors affecting their magnitude, and the advantages and limitations of each approach are presented.

706 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe some results of operational and experimental programmes in the United States involving subjective probability forecasts of precipitation occurrence and of maximum and minimum temperatures, which indicate that weather forecasters can formulate such forecasts in a reliable manner.
Abstract: SUMMARY This paper briefly describes some results of operational and experimental programmes in the United States involving subjective probability forecasts of precipitation occurrence and of maximum and minimum temperatures These results indicate that weather forecasters can formulate such forecasts in a reliable manner

364 citations




Book
01 Jan 1977

152 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a study of interrater diagnostic reliability, 101 psychiatric inpatients were independently interviewed by physicians using a structured interview and diagnostic agreement was found to be high, despite the fact that in most previous investigations diagnoses were not made independently.
Abstract: • In a study of interrater diagnostic reliability, 101 psychiatric inpatients were independently interviewed by physicians using a structured interview. Newly admitted patients were randomly selected and examined by one of three psychiatrists. A second psychiatrist reexamined the same patient about 24 hours later. Interviews from the two examinations were evaluated independently, and diagnoses were made on the basis of objective criteria. The degree of diagnostic agreement for the two examinations was calculated using the kappa statistic. Agreement was found to be high as compared to other studies in the psychiatric literature, despite the fact that in most previous investigations diagnoses were not made independently. The results were also compared to studies of reliability of medical judgments. Possible reasons for the high interrater reliability are discussed and include the use of a structured interview and objective diagnostic criteria.

146 citations





Journal ArticleDOI
J. H. Sheesley1
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for statistical analysis of Reliability and life data is presented, which is based on the methods for Statistical Analysis of Reliable and Life Data (SARL).
Abstract: (1977). Methods for Statistical Analysis of Reliability and Life Data. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 44-45.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a self-report measure of perceived organizational innovativeness (PORGI) was developed, which was found to have excellent reliability and reliability, and a 25-item instrument was used to measure organizational innovation.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the development of a self-report measure of perceived organizational innovativeness (PORGI). The 25-item instrument was found to have excellent reliability, and c...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Self-rating Anxiety Scale recently introduced by Zung was administered to normal male and female subjects and psychiatric outpatients of both sexes and suggests that the instrument has sufficient reliability and construct validity to justify further use in Nigeria.
Abstract: The Self-rating Anxiety Scale recently introduced by Zung was administered to 206 normal male and female subjects and 142 psychiatric outpatients of both sexes. Coefficient alpha and average item-total correlations were high for the two groups. The mean scores for these two groups were significantly different. These results suggest that the instrument has sufficient reliability and construct validity to justify further use in Nigeria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a second-moment reliability analysis for framewords is presented, leading to a step-by-step evaluation of the system reliability with a series of reanalysis of the structure.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1977-Cortex
TL;DR: The reliability of simple and two-choice reaction time as a function of number of trials and measure of central tendency was examined and it was found that 18 trials were sufficient to obtain a highl reliable determination of simple RT but 30 trials were required for a highly reliable determined of two- choice RT.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results present strong support for both the stability and internal consistency of scores on the Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory.
Abstract: Although information relating to the validity of the short form of Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory has recently been made available, little has been published regarding the reliability or internal consistency of this new measure. For 103 college students test-retest reliability and KR-20 coefficients are reported. The results present strong support for both the stability and internal consistency of scores on the inventory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Techniques for assessing salivation were reviewed and several problem areas highlighted including measurement and reliability problems, and questions relating to sex and gland differences, showed that methods were significantly intercorrelated.
Abstract: Techniques for assessing salivation were reviewed and several problem areas highlighted including measurement and reliability problems, and questions relating to sex and gland differences. Ten mate and 10 female undergraduate students took part in an experiment to examine critical issues and assess the comparability of the most frequently used techniques (whole mouth, parotid capsule, and cotton swabs). Results showed that methods were significantly intercorrelated, sex differences were minimal, and laterality effects small and inconsistent. Copyright



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problem of estimating the reliability of a system which is undergoing development testing is considered from a Bayesian standpoint in this paper, where m sets of binomial trials are performed under conditions which lead to an ordering,?1
Abstract: The problem of estimating the reliability of a system which is undergoing development testing is considered from a Bayesian standpoint. Formally, m sets of binomial trials are performed under conditions which lead to an ordering, ?1 < ?2 < ... < ?m, of the binomial parameters. The parameter of interest is ?m, the final underlying reliability of the system. The marginal posterior pdf for ?m is easily obtained when uniform prior pdf's are assumed. The method is illustrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Markov-chain model is used and the numerical difficulties associated with large transition-probability matrices are reduced by a systematic ordering of the system states.
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for calculating the time-dependent reliability of a large system consisting of s-dependent components. A Markov-chain model is used and the numerical difficulties associated with large transition-probability matrices are reduced by a systematic ordering of the system states. A technique is also presented for the systematic merging of processes corresponding to systems exhibiting symmetries.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper considers a series system consisting of n components with constant failure rates and obtains a component testing procedure of minimum cost that accepts the system if and only if the number of component failures does not exceed k, where k is a given integer.
Abstract: The paper considers a series system consisting of n components with constant failure rates and obtains a component testing procedure of minimum cost such that a) the probability of accepting a system whose reliability is less than R0 is less than ?, and b) the probability of rejecting a system whose reliability is greater than R1 is less than s. A decision rule is used that accepts the system if and only if the number of component failures does not exceed k, where k is a given integer. The optimum value of k and the associated component testing times which will satisfy the above probability requirements are obtained. The optimum testing time is the same for each component, irrespective of the individual component testing costs.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the allocation of risk associated with variations in the value of aggregate output in a context of differences in worker and firm attitudes to risk and found that workers who earn reputations for reliability tend to be those who are relatively more risk averse and those who belong to groups which have a relatively good record for reliability.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the allocation of risk which is associated with variations in the value of aggregate output in a context of differences in worker and firm attitudes to risk The analysis emphasizes two factors—limited firm risk-absorbing capacity and worker unreliability—which make it infeasible for risk-neutral firms to relieve risk-averse workers of all risk The main ideas are that the limitation on current wage payments imposed by the value of current output implies that firms generally cannot guarantee their workers a stable consumption stream and that firms generally earn rents in their risk-absorbing role In addition, differences among workers in their reputation for reliability, which relate to their behavior when the value of output is high, produce differences in the terms at which they can obtain consumption when the value of output is low Specifically, workers of unproven reliability obtain less consumption in bad states of nature and, unless they plan to be unreliable, have lower current expected utility than workers of proven reliability Those workers who earn reputations for reliability tend to be those who are relatively more risk averse and those who belong to groups which have a relatively good record for reliability