Showing papers on "Renewable energy published in 1992"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an application of recent theoretical advances in multiobjective planning under uncertainty, in the design of a stand-alone system with renewable energy sources, which consists of a wind energy plant, a solar plant, and an storage battery.
Abstract: The authors present an application of recent theoretical advances in multiobjective planning under uncertainty, in the design of a stand-alone system with renewable energy sources. The system under design consists of a wind energy plant, a solar plant, and an storage battery. Time series data on wind, insolation, and load for the site of interest are assumed to be available. The developed design methodology systematically selects the size of the various components of the system so as to give a robust design, i.e. a design that is a reasonable compromise between the conflicting design objectives under most foreseeable conditions. >
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a knowledge-based design approach that minimizes the total capital cost at a preselected reliability level is presented, quantified by the loss of power supply probability.
Abstract: Integrated renewable systems utilize two or more renewable energy resources and end-use technologies to supply a variety of energy needs, often in a stand-alone mode. A knowledge-based design approach that minimizes the total capital cost at a preselected reliability level is presented. The reliability level is quantified by the loss of power supply probability. The procedure includes some resource-need matching based on economics, the quality of energy needed, and the characteristics of the resource. A detailed example is presented and discussed to illustrate the usefulness of the design approach. >
143 citations
TL;DR: The Energy Technology Options Conference opened with a presentation from Professor Thomas Johansson on the prospects for renewable energy in a global context as discussed by the authors, based upon a study commissioned by the United Nations Solar Energy Group for Environment and Development, which he chairs.
Abstract: The Energy Technology Options Conference opened with a presentation from Professor Thomas Johansson on the prospects for renewable energy in a global context. It was based upon a study commissioned by the United Nations Solar Energy Group for Environment and Development, which he chairs. This study has since been published in a large book entitled Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity; it contains reports by specialists on a long list of renewable technologies (see Table of Contents at the end of this paper). The present paper consists of excerpts from Chapter 1 of that book, reprinted here with permission of the publishers. (The book may be obtained from Island Press, Box 7, Dept. UN, Covelo, Coliforna, USA 95428, or by telephone: In the US 1-800-828-1302; From outside the US 707 983 6432; FAX 707 983 6414. ISBN 1-55963-139-2 (hardcover, US$85), ISBN 1-55963-138-4 (paperback, US$45).)
125 citations
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present energy-based models that permit the assimilation of wind energy sources in conventional generation system adequacy evaluation, in order to evaluate the reliability of WECS.
Abstract: Use of the wind for electric power generation is increasingly being considered as a possible generation alternative due to the rising interest in sources of energy that are renewable and without harmful environmental effects. Furthermore, difficult global economic and political conditions are tending to make countries depend more on their own resources and rely less on imported fuels. Wind is, however, not always available, and conventional generation sources must provide power to meet demands in these calm periods. It is therefore necessary to include energy limitations in the reliability evaluation of wind energy conversation systems (WECS). The paper presents energy-based models that permit the assimilation of wind energy sources in conventional generation system adequacy evaluation.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a scenario for the FRG is presented as an example, where renewable energies are used in an extensive but technologically achievable way, and achievable efficiencies and costs are presented in a future energy scenario.
69 citations
09 Nov 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified MPPT control strategy based on the positive feedback of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) converter output current was introduced to reduce the energy cost from renewable energy generators by optimizing the utilization of the renewable energy source.
Abstract: A novel simplified control strategy, based on the positive feedback of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) converter output current, is introduced. Cost-effective MPPT reduces the energy cost from renewable energy generators by optimizing the utilization of the renewable energy source. MPPT for relative small photovoltaic (PV) systems, with battery back-up, is achieved by maximization of the output current to the battery by employing this simplified positive feedback control strategy. This strategy was tested by using a buck converter topology. Experimental verification of the operation of this controller is included. This controller can be utilized in small (one or two panel) as well as larger installations, so that the total MPPT converter cost may be a fraction of the solar panel cost. >
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic method for the computation of the loss of load probability and the expected unserved energy of a stand-alone wind energy system is described, which consists of a wind generator and a storage battery supplying the consumer load.
Abstract: The author describes a probabilistic method for the computation of the loss of load probability and the expected unserved energy of a stand-alone wind energy system. The system consists of a wind generator and a storage battery supplying the consumer load. The statistics of the surplus generation (excess wind generation over load demand) time series are computed and used for the calculation of the desired reliability indices. It is shown, that in the probability computations, the serial correlation of the surplus generation cannot be ignored. The performance of the developed method is demonstrated with computational results. Some results useful for the design of stand-alone wind energy systems are also presented. >
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a high-efficient power electronic converter, for converting the output voltage of a solar panel, or wind generator, to the required DC battery bus voltage has been realized.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for computing the statistics of wind generation and diesel plant load for an existing diesel system is presented. But the method takes into account the constraint that wind generation must not exceed a certain percentage of the system load, which is imposed for reliability reasons.
Abstract: The method takes into account the constraint that the wind generation must not exceed a certain percentage of the system load, which is imposed for reliability reasons. The method efficiently computes the statistics of the wind generation and the diesel plant loading based on the statistics of the wind speed and the system load demand. The performance of the method is demonstrated with computational results. An example of obtaining the optimum wind penetration for an existing diesel system is presented. >
52 citations
Book•
03 Aug 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the energy challenge the renewable alternative solar energy wind energy energy from rivers and oceans geothermal energy energy storage policies for a renewable future, and proposed a renewable energy storage policy for renewable future.
Abstract: The energy challenge the renewable alternative solar energy wind energy energy from rivers and oceans geothermal energy energy storage policies for a renewable future. Appendices: units and conversion factors US renewable energy funding readings.
TL;DR: In this article, the Norwegian policy regarding CO 2 as a greenhouse gas is explained as a background for Statoils CO 2 -removal and -deposition activities, and the planned deposition in a subsea aquifer of 1 million tons of CO 2 /year which will be removed from the Sleipner Vest offshore gas field is described.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of 25 papers has been published in Energy Policy on the subject of renewable energy and the main conclusions from these papers and assesses the prospects for significant contributions to world energy supply from the renewable energy technologies in the 21st century.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of a research project on the total costs to society induced by different technologies for electric power production in the Federal Republic of Germany and the conclusions of the latest international discussion on the topic.
Abstract: The following paper presents the results of a research project on the total costs to society induced by different technologies for electric power production in the Federal Republic of Germany and the conclusions of the latest international discussion on the topic. This is to say that the problem of electricity costs is looked upon from a macroeconomic perspective including the internal or private costs as well as the social costs of electricity production. The paper focuses on conventional electricity generation on the basis of fossil and nuclear fuels on the one side and on wind and photovolatic electricity as examples for renewable energy sources on the other.
Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the United Nations Group of Experts on the Role of New and Renewable Sources of Energy in Integrated Rural Development (GRED) have discussed the role of renewable sources of energy in rural development.
Abstract: "Proceedings of the United Nations Group of Experts on the Role of New and Renewable Sources of Energy in Integrated Rural Development ... Stockholm, Sweden, 22-26 Jan. 1990"
TL;DR: In this paper, basic thermodynamic principles can be used to establish energetically optimal operating conditions, and to evaluate power generation efficiency, for realistic power plants, and a comparison with performance data from commercial, combined-cycle power plants shows accurate predictions both for overall efficiency and for optimized operating conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the main reasons for this are discussed, and some precepts are presented upon which, it is argued, a strategy for overcoming these obstacles should be based, based on which a strategy to overcome these obstacles is proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify energy systems which significantly reduce emissions of acidifying gases and carbon dioxide from non-mobile sources, using an end-use accounting model, and show that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced to 50% of 1988 levels by 2010 using an energy system based on efficient end use technologies, cogeneration, and renewable sources.
01 Jan 1992
01 Apr 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a high altitude solar powered platform (HASPP) has been used for agricultural monitoring in a continuous flight for one year for water conditions, crop diseases, and insect infestation.
Abstract: Solar power is a preeminent alternative to conventional aircraft propulsion With the continued advances in solar cells, fuel cells, and composite materials technology, the solar powered airplane is no longer a simple curiosity constrained to flights of several feet in altitude or minutes of duration A high altitude solar powered platform (HASPP) has several potential missions, including communications and agriculture In remote areas, a HASPP could be used as a communication link In large farming areas, a HASPP could perform remote sensing of crops The impact of HASPP in continuous flight for one year on agricultural monitoring mission is presented This mission provides farmers with near real-time data twice daily from an altitude which allows excellant resolution on water conditions, crop diseases, and insect infestation Accurate, timely data will enable farmers to increase their yield and efficiency A design for HASPP for the foregoing mission is presented In the design power derived from solar cells covering the wings is used for propulsion, avionics, and sensors Excess power produced midday will be stored in fuel cells for use at night to maintain altitude and course
TL;DR: A new version of the SOLCHIPS predesign and optimization tool for solar heating systems with seasonal storage comprises a user-friendly interface with a minimum input requirement and is intended for preliminary system sizing and optimization purposes.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of hydrogen in surmounting limits to the use of renewable energies on a large scale is discussed and a comparison between solar electricity and solar hydrogen systems located in Central Europe, Southern Europe and North Africa is made.
Book•
01 May 1992
TL;DR: The proceedings of the Flowers 92 Conference on Energy and Environment were published in this article, covering nonconventional energy sources, such as wind power and fuel cells, new technology in fossil fuel power plants, coal-fired plants, combined cycle power plants; combustion and emissions, exergy and thermodynamics, and economics.
Abstract: This volume contains the proceedings of the Flowers 92 Conference Topics covered include: nonconventional energy sources, such as wind power and fuel cells; new technology in fossil fuel power plants; coal-fired plants; combined cycle power plants; combustion and emissions, exergy and thermodynamics, and economics
Patent•
01 Sep 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and a circuit arrangement for economical operation of an island network having renewable energy sources, which supply energy converters, to be precise in such a manner that the converters are loaded in the sequence of their economy.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for economical operation of an island network having renewable energy sources, which supply energy converters, to be precise in such a manner that the converters are loaded in the sequence of their economy. Furthermore, an energy-storage system (42) is filled with a controlled power load (9). A total desired power value from a higher-level frequency regulator Pdes at an addition point (15) is increased by the maximum power requirement of the energy-storage system (42) Pmax,sp., when the total power which can be instantaneously emitted from the units (2, 4) is greater than the instantaneous total power consumption of the loads (60, 61, 62). This increased total desired power value Pdes,inc. is used for the priority-controlled successive full-load connection of the units (2, 4), and once these units have been connected, the remaining residual desired value is used for controlling the energy consumption of the energy-storage system, in that a different value Pred.,2 - Pmax,sp. is formed from the maximum power requirement Pmax,sp. of the energy-storage system and the residual desired value at a comparison point (46) of the system, which difference value is used as a desired power value for controlling the energy consumption. After filling the energy store (63), the value Pmax,sp. is reduced or set to zero, and a reduction in the desired power value of one of the units is subsequently carried out, which units are supplied using renewable energy sources.
01 May 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a primer on solar radiation data is presented, where general uses of solar energy are presented and methods for acquiring and assimilating the data are illustrated, including the design and use of pyranometers and pyrheliometers.
Abstract: This document is a primer on solar radiation data General uses of solar energy are presented The manner in which solar radiation data is used to aid engineers in optimizing the use of solar thermal conversion and photovoltaic conversion is discussed Methods for acquiring and assimilating the solar radiation data are illustrated This would include the design and use of pyranometers and pyrheliometers Seasonal and geographical variations in solar flux reaching the earth are evaluated Other uses of compiled data include the determination of meteorological impacts of atmospheric disturbances such as volcano eruptions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss a method of constructing marginal cost curves for biomass fuel where there are multiple sources differing in availability, and an example is provided for determining the marginal cost of biomass fuel supply for a wood-fired electrical generating plant.
TL;DR: In this article, the main reasons for this are discussed, and some precepts are presented upon which, it is argued, a strategy for overcoming these obstacles should be based, based on which a strategy to overcome these obstacles is proposed.
Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that people working to increase the use of renewables will play an increasingly important role as the oil reserves dwindle and the nuclear reactors grow old and fail.
Abstract: People working to increase the use of renewables — the solar people - will play an increasingly important role as the oil reserves dwindle and the nuclear reactors grow old and fail. The demand on us to “deliver” will increase. We may find a lot of new allies. That may give us power. But are we willing to use our power to secure The Sunshine Revolution?
ENEA1
TL;DR: It is concluded that the PV-H2 system development can be a very promising strategic solution, which realizes together with the PV energy cost effectiveness goal an actual, clean, renewable, and alternative energy option.