Showing papers on "Representation (systemics) published in 1974"

A propositional theory of recognition memory

Abstract: This paper modifies the Anderson and Bower (1972) theory of recognition memory for words. A propositional representation is outlined for the contextual information underlying word recognition. Logical arguments are offered for preferring this representation over the undifferentiated associative representation used earlier. The propositional representation is used to interpret effects of verbal context upon recognition memory. The implications of these context effects are considered for two-process models of recall and recognition.

On a curve veering aberration

Abstract: In numerous places in the literature of eigenvalue problems of mathematical physics one finds curves which approach each other and suddenly veer away. The author postulates that this ugly behavior may be the result of approximation in the representation of physical reality. In the present paper such behavior is demonstrated to arise from the application of the well-known Ritz-Galerkin method to the classical eigenvalue problem of the free vibration of a rectangular membrane.

Architecture As Space : How to Look at Architecture

Abstract: Architecture the Unknown Space Protagonist in Architecture The Representation of Space Space Through the Ages Interpretations of Architecture Toward a Modern History of Architecture

How is design possible

Abstract: This paper approaches the question 'how is design possible?' by suggesting that design is a relatively simple set of operations carried out on highly complex structures, which are themselves simplified by 'theories' and modes of representation. The analysis stgrongly suggests that if design method is to be improved then it is more important to study the environment itself than how designers design

An investigation of the relationships between problem solving strategies, representation and memory

Abstract: There has been considerable debate in recent years about the status of “imagery” in problem solving. The present experiment attempts to show that while subjects may employ representational strategies when they first encounter a class of problems, they abandon such strategies as they gain experience with the problems. It does this by asking subjects to answer unexpected questions which are based upon the information which they have just used to solve a problem. The hypothesis, which is supported by the results, is that increasing experience with problems will be paralleled by a decreasing ability to answer unexpected questions. The experiment also shows that such effects are not attributable to a build-up in proactive interference.

Knowledge and Reasoning in Program Synthesis

Abstract: Program synthesis is the construction of a computer program from given specifications. An automatic program synthesis system must combine reasoning and programming ability with a good deal of knowledge about the subject matter of the program. This ability and knowledge must be represented both procedurally (by programs) and structurally (by choice of representation).

Political Representation and Urban School Advisory Councils.

Abstract: One consequence of the public nature of urban school systems is that people expect to participate in school governance. There are a variety of ways in which that participation occurs, but most of the methods seem quite remote to concerned citizens. Infrequent voting in finance elections, for board members, for state and federal legislators who in turn determine educational policies, may be a realistic way in which an urban society translates individual needs and interests into public policy; but the ratio of one vote out of the thousands cast for figures whom one rarely sees or even hears about seems a very dilute experience in participation. On the other hand, the school building visibly located in the immediate neighborhood is a convenient locus for more intense participation. Unfortunately, the standard vehicle for that neighborhood-based participation, the Parents Association or the Parent-Teacher Association, ordinarily suffers from a lack of independence from the school's administration and an inability to have an even potentially binding influence on school policy.

The Politics of Representation in Educational Administration

Abstract: Many of the problems faced by administrators of public schools are problems of political representation. Representation is preliminarily defined as the way in which, in their decision-making, scliool administrators take account of the needs and interests of the public. The exploratory research reported in this paper makes use of representational role orientations to analyze the community-related behavior of school administrators in New York State.

Visualization of vibrations, deformations or level lines of a three-dimensional object

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for enabling the visualization of isometric physical condition maps of a three-dimensional test object, the physical condition being for example the amplitude of vibration of the test object or the contour of the object. The latter is studied by the striation method whereby flat parallel light beams on light on the object forming a system of striations thereon; there is superimposed on the image in a given direction of the illuminated object a corresponding image of a typical comparison object, the resultant superimposed image being a coded representation of the physical condition of the test object. A television camera is used to analyze the successive images of the system of striations formed on the surface of the object. The modulation signal is separated from the synchronizing signals, filtered and demodulated so as to reproduce in real time on a viewing device or control receiver an isometric physical condition map of the object with free from the structure.