Showing papers on "Representation (systemics) published in 1992"
TL;DR: The concept of anobject file as a temporary episodic representation, within which successive states of an object are linked and integrated, is developed, which develops the concept of a reviewing process, which is triggered by the appearance of the target and retrieves just one of the previewed items.
1,855 citations
TL;DR: A neural network is presented that generates a viewpoint-invariant structural description specifying the object's parts and the relations among them and uses synchrony to parse images into their constituent parts.
Abstract: Given a single view of an object, humans can readily recognize that object from other views that preserve the parts in the original view. Empirical evidence suggests that this capacity reflects the activation of a viewpoint-invariant structural description specifying the object's parts and the relations among them. This article presents a neural network that generates such a description. Structural description is made possible through a solution to the dynamic binding problem: Temporary conjunctions of attributes (parts and relations) are represented by synchronized oscillatory activity among independent units representing those attributes. Specifically, the model uses synchrony (a) to parse images into their constituent parts, (b) to bind together the attributes of a part, and (c) to bind the relations to the parts to which they apply. Because it conjoins independent units temporarily, dynamic binding allows tremendous economy of representation and permits the representation to reflect the attribute structure of the shapes represented.
921 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new discrete variable representation (DVR) is proposed where the eigenstates of one-dimensional reference Hamiltonians are used to obtain the DVR localized basis functions.
554 citations
452 citations
01 Jan 1992
370 citations
Proceedings Article•
12 Jul 1992TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general model of social law in a computational system, and investigate some of its properties, including the complexity of automatically deriving useful social laws in this model, given descriptions of the agents' capabilities and the goals they might encounter.
Abstract: We present a general model of social law in a computational system, and investigate some of its properties. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we argue that the notion of social law is not epiphenomenal, but rather should be built into the action representation; we then offer such a representation. Second, we investigate the complexity of automatically deriving useful social laws in this model, given descriptions of the agents' capabilities, and the goals they might encounter. We show that in general the problem is NP-complete, and identify precise conditions under which it becomes polynomial.
278 citations
TL;DR: A representation of gradual inference rules of the form “The more X is F , the more Y is G ” by means of fuzzy sets turns out to be based on a special implication function already considered in multiple-valued logic.
251 citations
TL;DR: The spatial query and spatial reasoning based on a 2D C-string representation are presented and the similarity measure is defined and the algorithm for similarity retrieval of iconic images is also proposed.
207 citations
TL;DR: The concept of animate vision was introduced in this article, which is a framework for sequential decision-making, gaze control, and visual learning in human vision, using cooperative sensorimotor behaviors to reduce the need for explicit representation.
Abstract: Vision theories can be categorized in terms of the amount of explicit representation postulated in the perceiver. Gibson's precomputational theory eschewed any explicit representation. In contrast, Marr used layers of explicit representation, hoping to simplify vision computations. Current technological advances in robotic hardware and computer architectures have allowed the building of anthropomorphic devices that capture important technical features of human vision. Experience with these devices suggests that cooperative sensorimotor behaviors can reduce the need for explicit representation. This view is captured in the notion of “animate vision,” which is a framework for sequential decision-making, gaze control, and visual learning.
TL;DR: This work examines Pathfinder, a normative expert system that assists surgical pathologists with the diagnosis of lymph-node diseases, and discusses the representation of dependencies among pieces of evidence within this system, and describes the belief network, a graphical representation of probabilistic dependencies.
Abstract: We address practical issues concerning the construction and use of decision-theoretic or normative expert systems for diagnosis. In particular, we examine Pathfinder, a normative expert system that assists surgical pathologists with the diagnosis of lymph-node diseases, and discuss the representation of dependencies among pieces of evidence within this system. We describe the belief network, a graphical representation of probabilistic dependencies. We see how Pathfinder uses a belief network to construct differential diagnosis efficiently, even when there are dependencies among pieces of evidence. In addition, we introduce an extension of the belief-network representation called a similarity network, a tool for constructing large and complex belief networks. The representation allows a user to construct independent belief networks for subsets of a given domain. A valid belief network for the entire domain can then be constructed from the individual belief networks. We also introduce the partition, a graphical representation that facilitates the assessment of probabilities associated with a belief network. We show that the similarity-network and partition representations made practical the construction of Pathfinder.
TL;DR: In this article, a framework for understanding the benefits and costs of re-perceiving previously seen objects is proposed, where the contents of an object file are stored as an object token and retrieved next time the object appears.
Abstract: A number of experiments exploring priming effects and automatization in the perception of novel objects are described, and a framework for understanding the benefits and costs of re-perceiving previously seen objects is proposed. The suggestion is that perceiving an object creates a temporary representation in an object file that collects, integrates, and updates information about its current characteristics. The contents of an object file may be stored as an object token and retrieved next time the object appears. This facilitates its re-perception when all of the attributes match and may impair it if some are changed. Thus, the world molds our minds to capitalize on earlier experiences but at the same time leaves us able readily to detect and represent any novel or unexpected objects and events.
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of the basic notions of electron microscope imaging and of contrast transfer theory are described and the effects of finite source size and chromatic instabilities (defocus fluctuations) can be represented by envelope functions which attenuate the oscillating contrast transfer function and which have significant effects on resolution.
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: Disclosed as mentioned in this paper is a method of implementing a preview window in an object oriented programming system that includes an application having at least a first panel and a second panel that are selectively displayable on a display screen.
Abstract: Disclosed is a method of implementing a preview window in an object oriented programming system that includes an application having at least a first panel and a second panel that are selectively displayable on a display screen. The second panel displays underlying information and the first panel displays an abbreviated representation of the underlying information. In the present invention, the user can temporarily display a preview window that contains underlying information while viewing the first panel.
TL;DR: The authors reveal the historical persistence and the ideological power of the metaphor of Africa as the Dark Continent, a metaphor that identifies and incorporates an entire continent a continent a.k.a.
Abstract: My purpose is to reveal the historical persistence and the ideological power of the metaphor of Africa as the Dark Continent. This metaphor identifies and incorporates an entire continent a...
TL;DR: It is shown that the belief network, a representation that is similar to the CF model but that is grounded firmly in probability theory, provides a promising approach to the practical construction of expert systems.
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct manipulation protocol is proposed to allow a user to pass a source object through one or more intervening processor objects, causing an appropriate action to occur to the source object when it is dropped on the target object.
Abstract: A method and apparatus provide a direct manipulation protocol to allow a user, while dragging a source object to a target object, to pass the source object through one or more intervening processor objects, causing an appropriate action to occur to the source object when it is dropped on the target object. If the source object is passed across a processor object for which no appropriate action occurs, the source object remains unchanged in appearance and content. If the source object undergoes modification, its graphical representation to the user changes, giving the user feedback that the source object has been modified.
TL;DR: In this paper, approaches within Geography and without to the representation of landscape are considered, and a way of analysing landscape representations is proposed, which is not geared around the term "postmodernism".
Abstract: After it is outlined why this paper is not geared around the term ‘postmodernism’, approaches within Geography and without to the representation of landscape are considered, and a way of analysing ...
TL;DR: Conditions which guarantee the existence of a (subjective) expected utility representation of preferences, when the state space is finite, are presented in this paper, where the key assumptions are continuity and an analogue of the independence axiom.
TL;DR: Gauthier-Villars as discussed by the authors implique l'accord avec les conditions générales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions).
Abstract: © Gauthier-Villars (Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier), 1992, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales scientifiques de l’É.N.S. » (http://www. elsevier.com/locate/ansens) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of knowledge representation in chess experts and average players was examined, by means of a partitioning task, evidence was provided for a hierarchical representation of chess positions.
Abstract: In two experiments the structure of knowledge representation in chess experts and average players was examined. Pattern-recognition theory explains expertise through the existence of many small, unrelated knowledge units. Recent research stresses the structure of knowledge representations. However, the standard paradigm does not allow for the detection of relations between chunks; the theoretical shift has to be accompanied by a methodological shift. In Experiment 1, by means of a partitioning task, evidence was provided for a hierarchical representation of chess positions. Chess masters formed larger and more complex knowledge units than average players. In Experiment 2, the typicality of the positions was varied. The more typical the positions were, the larger and more coherent the constructed knowledge units were. The greatest differences between both groups occurred in more typical positions. This reflects the experts' ability to relate several knowledge units with one another.
TL;DR: Describes a method of recognizing objects whose contours can be represented in smoothly varying polar coordinate form based on a polar coordinate object representation whose center can be initialized at any location within the object.
Abstract: Describes a method of recognizing objects whose contours can be represented in smoothly varying polar coordinate form. Both low- and high-level information about the object (contour smoothness and edge sharpness at the low level and contour shape at the high level) are incorporated into a single energy function that defines a 1D, cyclic, Markov random field (1DCMRF). This 1DCMRF is based on a polar coordinate object representation whose center can be initialized at any location within the object. The recognition process is based on energy function minimization, which is implemented by simulated annealing. >