Showing papers on "Representation (systemics) published in 2005"

Computer graphic display visualization system and method

Abstract: An improved human user computer interface system, providing a graphic representation of a hierarchy populated with naturally classified objects, having included therein at least one associated object having a distinct classification. Preferably, a collaborative filter is employed to define the appropriate associated object. The associated object preferably comprises a sponsored object, generating a subsidy or revenue.

An Integrated Model of Women's Representation

Abstract: The concept of representation, as developed in Hanna Pitkin's seminal work, is a complex structure, whose multiple dimensions are hypothesized to be closely interconnected. Most empirical work, however, ignores the integrated character of representation and examines its several dimensions in isolation. The picture of representation that results is not so much incorrect as incomplete. This research tests an integrated model of representation linking formal, descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation. Data on the representation of women in 31 democracies confirms the interconnections among the several dimensions of representation. The structure of electoral systems exerts powerful influences on both women's descriptive representation and symbolic representation. Descriptive representation, in turn, increases legislatures’ responsiveness to women's policy concerns and enhances perceptions of legitimacy. The effects of substantive representation, however, are much less than theory anticipates.

Observing Others: Multiple Action Representation in the Frontal Lobe

Abstract: Observation of actions performed by others activates monkey ventral premotor cortex, where action meaning, but not object identity, is coded. In a functional MRI (fMRI) study, we investigated whether other monkey frontal areas respond to actions performed by others. Observation of a hand grasping objects activated four frontal areas: rostral F5 and areas 45B, 45A, and 46. Observation of an individual grasping an object also activated caudal F5, which indicates different degrees of action abstraction in F5. Observation of shapes activated area 45, but not premotor F5. Convergence of object and action information in area 45 may be important for full comprehension of actions.

Addressing the Disproportionate Representation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students in Special Education

Abstract: In this article, we present a conceptual framework for addressing the disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education. The cornerstone of our approach to addressing disproportionate representation is through the creation of culturally responsive educational systems. Our goal is to assist practitioners, researchers, and policy makers in coalescing around culturally responsive, evidence-based interventions and strategic improvements in practice and policy to improve students’ educational opportunities in general education and reduce inappropriate referrals to and placement in special education. We envision this work as cutting across three interrelated domains: policies, practices, and people. Policies include those guidelines enacted at federal, state, district, and school levels that influence funding, resource allocation, accountability, and other key aspects of schooling. We use the notion of practice in two ways, in the instrumental sense of daily practices that all cultural beings engage in to navigate and survive their worlds, and also in a technical sense to describe the procedures and strategies devised for the purpose of maximizing students’ learning outcomes. People include all those in the broad educational system: administrators, teacher educators, teachers, community members, families, and the children whose opportunities we wish to improve.

Mobile communications terminal and method therefore

Abstract: A mobile terminal has a controller, a display and an input device connected to the controller, and a digital object browser for browsing among a plurality of available digital objects. A first representation and a second representation of each of the digital objects are presentable on a display screen. The first representations of the digital objects are presented along a predefined path on the display screen, the first representation of a focused one of the digital objects being shown in a focus area on the display screen. For the focused digital object, the second representation thereof is presented in a preview area on the display screen. In response to a user input given on the input device, a desired scrolling operation is performed among the first representations presented, thereby shifting the positions of the first representations on the display screen along the path accordingly, updating the focus area to reflect a change in focus from the focused digital object to another digital object by presenting in the focus area the first representation of the other digital object, as well as updating the preview area correspondingly by presenting therein the second representation of the other digital object.

Behavior-Grounded Representation of Tool Affordances

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel approach to representing and learning tool affordances by a robot. The tool representation described here uses a behavior-based approach to ground the tool affordances in the behavioral repertoire of the robot. The representation is learned during a behavioral babbling stage in which the robot randomly chooses different exploratory behaviors, applies them to the tool, and observes their effects on environmental objects. The paper shows how the autonomously learned affordance representation can be used to solve tool-using tasks by dynamically sequencing the exploratory behaviors based on their expected outcomes. The quality of the learned representation was tested on extension-of-reach tool-using tasks.

Latino Representation on Primetime Television

Abstract: This study analyzes the frequency and quality of depictions of Latinos during the 2002 primetime television season. Research on cultivation theory and social identity theory provides insight into t...

Method and apparatus for application window grouping and management

Abstract: A method for managing a plurality of application window representations is described. The method includes steps of defining a set of application window representation positions in a predefined region, displaying a plurality of application window representations in the application window representation positions, receiving an input to open a first application window, creating a first application window representation in the predefined region, determining whether a second application window representation of the plurality needs to be repositioned into a hidden application window representation position, and repositioning the second application window representation into the hidden application window representation upon determining that the second application window representation needs to be repositioned, wherein the hidden application window representation position is within a glom.

Techniques for efficient road-network-based tracking of moving objects

Abstract: With the continued advances in wireless communications, geo-positioning, and consumer electronics, an infrastructure is emerging that enables location-based services that rely on the tracking of the continuously changing positions of entire populations of service users, termed moving objects. This scenario is characterized by large volumes of updates, for which reason location update technologies become important. A setting is assumed in which a central database stores a representation of each moving object's current position. This position is to be maintained so that it deviates from the user's real position by at most a given threshold. To do so, each moving object stores locally the central representation of its position. Then, an object updates the database whenever the deviation between its actual position (as obtained from a GPS device) and the database position exceeds the threshold. The main issue considered is how to represent the location of a moving object in a database so that tracking can be done with as few updates as possible. The paper proposes to use the road network within which the objects are assumed to move for predicting their future positions. The paper presents algorithms that modify an initial road-network representation, so that it works better as a basis for predicting an object's position; it proposes to use known movement patterns of the object, in the form of routes; and, it proposes to use acceleration profiles together with the routes. Using real GPS-data and a corresponding real road network, the paper offers empirical evaluations and comparisons that include three existing approaches and all the proposed approaches.

New mediation and direct representation: reconceptualizing representation in the digital age

Abstract: This article explores three responses to the emergence of digitally mediated political representation. The first regards disintermediation as a basis for direct democracy, transcending the traditional arrangements and institutions of political representation. The second model institutionalizes digital information and communication technology (ICT) within the rational-bureacratic framework of existing governance. The third model is based upon a reconceptualization of democratic representation, based upon new notions of accountability, plurality and authentic reality. It is argued that virtual deliberation and indirect representation are under severe political strain and that digitally-mediated direct representation could provide a basis for a more dialogical and deliberative democracy in place of the dialogue of the deaf which tends to characterize contemporary political representation.

On the American option problem

Abstract: We show how the change-of-variable formula with local time on curves derived recently in Peskir (2002) can be used to prove that the optimal stopping boundary for the American put option can be characterized as the unique solution of a nonlinear integral equation arising from the early exercise premium representation. This settles the question raised in Myneni (1992) and dating back to McKean (1965).

Knowledge representation and the semantics of natural language

Abstract: Knowledge Representation with MultiNet.- Historical Roots.- Basic Concepts.- Semantic Characterization of Objects.- Semantic Characterization of Situations.- The Comparison of Entities.- The Spatio-temporal Characterization of Entities.- Modality and Negation.- Quantification and Pluralities.- The Role of Layer Information in Semantic Representations.- Relations Between Situations.- Lexicon and Knowledge Representation.- Question Answering and Inferences.- Software Tools for the Knowledge Engineer and Sample Applications.- Comparison Between MultiNet and Other Semantic Formalisms or Knowledge Representation Paradigms.- The Representational Means of MultiNet.- Overview and Representational Principles.- Means for Expressing Classification and Stratification.- Relational and Functional Means of Representation.

Efficient evaluation of queries using translation

Abstract: Techniques are provided for processing a query including receiving the query, where the query specifies certain operations; determining that the query includes a first portion in a first query language and a second portion in a second query language; generating a first in-memory representation for the first portion; generating a second in-memory representation for the second portion; generating a third in-memory representation of the query based on the first in-memory representation and the second in-memory representation; and performing the certain operations based on the third in-memory representation.

Models of Bilingual Representation and Processing: Looking Back and to the Future.

Abstract: Words L1 L2 L2 L1 = First Language L2 = Second Language Models of representation and processing Models of representation and processing Goal Conceptualizer SAS

System, method, and apparatus for generating a three-dimensional representation from one or more two-dimensional images

Abstract: In a system and method for generating a 3 dimensional representation of an organism, collecting traing data (191 ). At least one statistical model having a set of paramelers(195).

The orchestration of the sensory-motor systems: Clues from Neuropsychology.

Abstract: Research over the last several decades has led to clear and empirically tractable proposals about the representation of conceptual knowledge in the brain. Here we argue that there are already sufficient data from neuropsychology to strongly constrain extant hypotheses about the representation of conceptual knowledge. One constraint imposed by these neuropsychological data is that recognition of actions and understanding of objects do not necessarily depend on the ability to produce object-associated actions. This conclusion compels a reconsideration of the role played by motor planning and/or execution processes in action and object recognition and understanding.

Representation in case-based reasoning

Abstract: A case in case-based reasoning is a contextualized piece of experience, which can be represented in various forms. Traditional approaches can be classified into three main categories: feature vector representations, structured representations, and textual representations. More sophisticated approaches make use of hierarchical representations or generalized cases. For particular tasks such as design and planning highly specific representations have been developed.

Models, Representation, and Mediation

Abstract: Representation has been one of the main themes in the recent discussion of models. Several authors have argued for a pragmatic approach to representation that takes users and their interpretations into account. It appears to me, however, that this emphasis on representation places excessive limitations on our view of models and their epistemic value. Models should rather be thought of as epistemic artifacts through which we gain knowledge in diverse ways. Approaching models this way stresses their materiality and media‐specificity. Focusing on models as multifunctional artifacts releases them from any preestablished and fixed representational relationships and leads me to argue for a twofold approach to representation.

Electronic apparatus, display controlling method for electronic apparatus and graphical user interface

Abstract: A graphical user interface is disclosed which achieves an easy search for a desired item upon scrolling. A plurality of representation images individually representing different selection object items are displayed in an array along one direction of a display screen. A noticed representation image selected from among the representation images is displayed emphatically at a fixed position on the display screen, and explanation information of the noticed representation image is displayed in the proximity of the noticed representation image. If a scrolling information for the array of representation images is issued, then scrolling is executed such that explanation information also of the representation images other than the noticed representation image is displayed. Further, a bar display including a mark representing the position and the group of the noticed representation image in the array of representation images is displayed together.

Efficiency and envy-freeness in fair division of indivisible goods

Abstract: We study fair division of indivisible goods among agents from the point of view of compact representation and computational complexity. We identify the complexity of several problems, including that of deciding whether there exists an efficient and envy-free allocation when preferences are represented in a succinct way. We also draw connections to nonmonotonic reasoning.

Method for transmitting messages from a sender to a recipient, a messaging system and message converting means

Abstract: The invention describes a method for transmitting messages from a sender (5) to a recipient (6) A message is inputted in an input representation form on the sender (5) side, converted into a message in a defined transmitting representation form depending on the semantic content of the message, converted into a message in output representation form, and output in output representation form on the recipient (6) side A semantic analysis of the message is performed within at least one of the steps converting the message in input representation form into a message in transmitting representation form and converting the message in transmitting representation form into a message in output representation form

Modes of Political Representation: Toward a New Typology

Abstract: The mandate-independence controversy still features prominently in studies of political representation even though the problems with its theoretical foundation and empirical operationalization have long been recognized. This article proposes an alternative typology of modes of representation. By combining type of control (ex ante or ex post) with direction of the interactions (bottom-up or top-down), our study captures the most important aspects of the relationship between voters and representatives. We demonstrate how the typology can be used in a survey instrument by comparing the attitudes toward representation of Dutch members of Parliament with the attitudes held by voters, and by relating the views of the members to their behavior.

Idealized images of the male body in advertising: a reader‐response exploration

Abstract: This study used an interpretative methodology for exploring men's reactions to the representation of male bodies in advertising, particularly when men are portrayed in a sexual or naked pose and complemented past studies by investigating whether or not men felt that they were being objectified or exploited in advertising in the same manner as critical and feminist literature has suggested in relation to women. The extent to which men felt that the representation of idealized male images in advertising had an adverse effect on their self‐image and self‐esteem is discussed. Emergent interpretive themes include homophobia, gender stereotyping and the legitimization of the exploitation and use of sexuality in marketing. The implication for brands is explored.