Showing papers on "Representation (systemics) published in 2010"

Robust Subspace Segmentation by Low-Rank Representation

Abstract: We propose low-rank representation (LRR) to segment data drawn from a union of multiple linear (or affine) subspaces. Given a set of data vectors, LRR seeks the lowest-rank representation among all the candidates that represent all vectors as the linear combination of the bases in a dictionary. Unlike the well-known sparse representation (SR), which computes the sparsest representation of each data vector individually, LRR aims at finding the lowest-rank representation of a collection of vectors jointly. LRR better captures the global structure of data, giving a more effective tool for robust subspace segmentation from corrupted data. Both theoretical and experimental results show that LRR is a promising tool for subspace segmentation.

Object Bank: A High-Level Image Representation for Scene Classification & Semantic Feature Sparsification

Abstract: Robust low-level image features have been proven to be effective representations for a variety of visual recognition tasks such as object recognition and scene classification; but pixels, or even local image patches, carry little semantic meanings. For high level visual tasks, such low-level image representations are potentially not enough. In this paper, we propose a high-level image representation, called the Object Bank, where an image is represented as a scale-invariant response map of a large number of pre-trained generic object detectors, blind to the testing dataset or visual task. Leveraging on the Object Bank representation, superior performances on high level visual recognition tasks can be achieved with simple off-the-shelf classifiers such as logistic regression and linear SVM. Sparsity algorithms make our representation more efficient and scalable for large scene datasets, and reveal semantically meaningful feature patterns.

Representation dimension of artin algebras

Abstract: Auslander has shown that an algebra is of finite representation type, that is, it admits only finitely many indecomposable modules up to isomorphism, if and only if its representation dimension is at most 2. We will give a proof of this fact in Section 1 as Corollary 1.9. This led Auslander to the expectation, “that this notion gives a reasonable way of measuring how far an artin algebra is from being of finite representation type.” [1, III.5, lines 2, 3]

A Neurosemantic Theory of Concrete Noun Representation Based on the Underlying Brain Codes

Abstract: This article describes the discovery of a set of biologically-driven semantic dimensions underlying the neural representation of concrete nouns, and then demonstrates how a resulting theory of noun representation can be used to identify simple thoughts through their fMRI patterns. We use factor analysis of fMRI brain imaging data to reveal the biological representation of individual concrete nouns like apple, in the absence of any pictorial stimuli. From this analysis emerge three main semantic factors underpinning the neural representation of nouns naming physical objects, which we label manipulation, shelter, and eating. Each factor is neurally represented in 3–4 different brain locations that correspond to a cortical network that co-activates in non-linguistic tasks, such as tool use pantomime for the manipulation factor. Several converging methods, such as the use of behavioral ratings of word meaning and text corpus characteristics, provide independent evidence of the centrality of these factors to the representations. The factors are then used with machine learning classifier techniques to show that the fMRI-measured brain representation of an individual concrete noun like apple can be identified with good accuracy from among 60 candidate words, using only the fMRI activity in the 16 locations associated with these factors. To further demonstrate the generativity of the proposed account, a theory-based model is developed to predict the brain activation patterns for words to which the algorithm has not been previously exposed. The methods, findings, and theory constitute a new approach of using brain activity for understanding how object concepts are represented in the mind.

Objects as attributes for scene classification

Abstract: Robust low-level image features have proven to be effective representations for a variety of high-level visual recognition tasks, such as object recognition and scene classification. But as the visual recognition tasks become more challenging, the semantic gap between low-level feature representation and the meaning of the scenes increases. In this paper, we propose to use objects as attributes of scenes for scene classification. We represent images by collecting their responses to a large number of object detectors, or "object filters". Such representation carries high-level semantic information rather than low-level image feature information, making it more suitable for high-level visual recognition tasks. Using very simple, off-the-shelf classifiers such as SVM, we show that this object-level image representation can be used effectively for high-level visual tasks such as scene classification. Our results are superior to reported state-of-the-art performance on a number of standard datasets.

Surface computer user interaction

Abstract: Surface computer user interaction is described. In an embodiment, an image of a user's hand interacting with a user interface displayed on a surface layer of a surface computing device is captured. The image is used to render a corresponding representation of the hand. The representation is displayed in the user interface such that the representation is geometrically aligned with the user's hand. In embodiments, the representation is a representation of a shadow or a reflection. The process is performed in real-time, such that movement of the hand causes the representation to correspondingly move. In some embodiments, a separation distance between the hand and the surface is determined and used to control the display of an object rendered in a 3D environment on the surface layer. In some embodiments, at least one parameter relating to the appearance of the object is modified in dependence on the separation distance.

A Study of Parts-Based Object Class Detection Using Complete Graphs

Abstract: Object detection is one of the key components in modern computer vision systems While the detection of a specific rigid object under changing viewpoints was considered hard just a few years ago, current research strives to detect and recognize classes of non-rigid, articulated objects Hampered by the omnipresent confusing information due to clutter and occlusion, the focus has shifted from holistic approaches for object detection to representations of individual object parts linked by structural information, along with richer contextual descriptions of object configurations Along this line of research, we present a practicable and expandable probabilistic framework for parts-based object class representation, enabling the detection of rigid and articulated object classes in arbitrary views We investigate learning of this representation from labelled training images and infer globally optimal solutions to the contextual MAP-detection problem, using A *-search with a novel lower-bound as admissible heuristic An assessment of the inference performance of Belief-Propagation and Tree-Reweighted Belief Propagation is obtained as a by-product The generality of our approach is demonstrated on four different datasets utilizing domain dependent information cues

Motivation in Mental Accessibility: Relevance of a Representation (ROAR) as a New Framework

Abstract: The notion of accessibility of mental representations has been invaluable in explaining and predicting human thought and action. Focusing on social cognition, we review the large corpus of data that has accumulated since the first models of mental activation dynamics were outlined. We then outline a framework that we call Relevance of a Representation (or ROAR for short), the main tenant of which is that not all stimulated representations are in fact activated (i.e., influence thought and action processes). More specifically, we propose that the degree to which a representation is available to processes of thought and action is a function of that representation’s motivational relevance. We end by demonstrating how the framework enables re-addressing the notions of accessibility, automaticity, and selective attention.

Introducing the consumption and representation of lifestyle sports

Abstract: My own academic interest in what I have termed lifestyle sports began back in the mid 1990s when I embarked on a Ph.D. based on the culture of windsurfing. As one of only a handful of scholars worl...

The Impact of Family Representation on CEO Compensation

Abstract: Understanding the nature of family representation in public firms has been an important topic for entrepreneurship research. Because CEO compensation is a key tool that boards use to align the inte...

Synthetic representation of a surgical robot

Abstract: A synthetic representation of a robot tool for display on a user interface of a robotic system. The synthetic representation may be used to show the position of a view volume of an image capture device with respect to the robot. The synthetic representation may also be used to find a tool that is outside of the field of view, to display range of motion limits for a tool, to remotely communicate information about the robot, and to detect collisions.

A Distributed Cortical Representation Underlies Crossmodal Object Recognition in Rats

Abstract: The mechanisms by which the brain integrates the unimodal sensory features of an object into a comprehensive multimodal object representation are poorly understood. We have recently developed a procedure for assessing crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) and object feature binding in rats using a modification of the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) paradigm. Here we show for the first time that rats are capable of spontaneous crossmodal object recognition when they are asked to recognize a visually presented object having previously only explored the tactile features of that object. Moreover, rats with bilateral perirhinal cortex (PRh) lesions were impaired on the CMOR task and a visual-only, but not a tactile-only, version of SOR. Conversely, rats with bilateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) lesions were impaired on the CMOR and tactile-only tasks but not the visual-only task. Finally, crossmodal object recognition ability was severely and selectively impaired in rats with unilateral lesions made to PRh and PPC in opposite hemispheres. Thus, spontaneous tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition in rats relies on an object representation that requires functional interaction between PRh and PPC, which appear to mediate the visual and tactile information-processing demands of the task, respectively. These results imply that, at least under certain conditions, the separate sensory features of an object are represented in a distributed manner in the cortex. The novel paradigm introduced here should be a valuable tool for further study of the neurobiological bases of crossmodal cognition and object feature binding.

The Under Representation of Women in the Male Dominated Sport Workplace: Perspectives of Female Coaches

Abstract: Previous literature has researched the underrepresentation of women as coaches and in other leadership positions in women’s sports. This article adds to the literature by examining the nearly nonexistent role of women in the male-dominated workplace of men’s sports. Currently, women represent 42.6% of the head coaches in women’s sports while men represent 57.4% of the head coaches in women’s sports. In contrast, women represent less than 3% of the head coaches in men’s sports. This creates a double standard in which men are afforded greater coaching opportunities in both men’s and women’s sports. Conversely, coaching opportunities for women are limited in women’s sports and are mostly absent in men’s sports. Through in-depth, semistructured interviews, we explored how and why this phenomenon (i.e., the lack of women coaching in men’s college basketball) is occurring. The results suggest that the perception of gendered opportunities, maleexclusive social networks, and pressures to overcompensate for being female were all strong, negative influences on the perceived opportunity of women to sustain and pursue careers in male-dominated workplaces such as that of men’s college basketball. The literature has suggested that women have been marginalized, discriminated against, and disregarded in terms of workplace leadership positions in sports

Method and apparatus for visualizing and navigating within an immersive collaboration environment

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining collaboration data from at least one data source, and mapping the collaboration data into a visual representation in a collaboration space. The visual representation is arranged to be manipulated to cause details associated with the collaboration to be displayed in the collaboration space. Finally, the method includes enabling manipulations of the visual representation.

The neural fate of task-irrelevant features in object-based processing.

Abstract: Objects are one of the most fundamental units in visual attentional selection and information processing. Studies have shown that, during object-based processing, all features of an attended object may be encoded together, even when these features are task irrelevant. Some recent studies, however, have failed to find this effect. What determines when object-based processing may or may not occur? In three experiments, observers were asked to encode object colors and the processing of task-irrelevant object shapes was evaluated by measuring functional magnetic resonance imaging responses from a brain area involved in shape representation. Whereas object-based task-irrelevant shape processing was present at low color-encoding load, it was attenuated or even suppressed at high color-encoding load. Moreover, such object-based processing was short-lived and was not sustained over a long delay period. Object-based processing for task-irrelevant features of attended objects thus does exist, as reported previously; but it is transient and its magnitude is determined by the encoding demand of the task-relevant feature.

Alternative sport and affect: non-representational theory examined

Abstract: This paper is our concerned response to the tendency in critical studies of physical culture and alternative sport to reduce experience to language, discourse, texts or representation. We consider ...

Auto-generating a visual representation

Abstract: Techniques for auto-generating the target's visual representation may reduce or eliminate the manual input required for the generation of the target's visual representation. For example, a system having a capture device may detect various features of a user in the physical space and make feature selections from a library of visual representation feature options based on the detected features. The system can automatically apply the selections to the visual representation of the user based on the detected features. Alternately, the system may make selections that narrow the number of options for features from which the user chooses. The system may apply the selections to the user in real time as well as make updates to the features selected and applied to the target's visual representation in real time.

Visual representation expression based on player expression

Abstract: Using facial recognition and gesture/body posture recognition techniques, a system can naturally convey the emotions and attitudes of a user via the user's visual representation. Techniques may comprise customizing a visual representation of a user based on detectable characteristics, deducting a user's temperament from the detectable characteristics, and applying attributes indicative of the temperament to the visual representation in real time. Techniques may also comprise processing changes to the user's characteristics in the physical space and updating the visual representation in real time. For example, the system may track a user's facial expressions and body movements to identify a temperament and then apply attributes indicative of that temperament to the visual representation. Thus, a visual representation of a user, such as an avatar or fanciful character, can reflect the user's expressions and moods in real time.

Broad-coverage parsing using human-like memory constraints

Abstract: Human syntactic processing shows many signs of taking place within a general-purpose short-term memory. But this kind of memory is known to have a severely constrained storage capacity---possibly constrained to as few as three or four distinct elements. This article describes a model of syntactic processing that operates successfully within these severe constraints, by recognizing constituents in a right-corner transformed representation (a variant of left-corner parsing) and mapping this representation to random variables in a Hierarchic Hidden Markov Model, a factored time-series model which probabilistically models the contents of a bounded memory store over time. Evaluations of the coverage of this model on a large syntactically annotated corpus of English sentences, and the accuracy of a a bounded-memory parsing strategy based on this model, suggest this model may be cognitively plausible.

Method and apparatus for generating augmented reality content

Abstract: An approach is provided for providing augmented reality based on tracking. Information, including location information, orientation information, or a combination thereof of a device is determined. A representation of a location indicated based, at least in part, on the information is determined. One or more items are selected to associate with one or more points within the representation. Display information is determined to be generated, the display information including the one or more items overlaid on the representation based, at least in part, on the one or more points.

Showing skin lesion information

Abstract: Among other things, on a two-dimensional electronic display, a representation is shown of a scanned image of a lesion on the skin of a real human. On the two-dimensional electronic display, a recommendation is indicated of a next diagnostic or treatment step to be taken, based on a computer-implemented analysis of the scanned image.

Blob Representation in Video Processing

Abstract: A method of processing a video sequence is provided that includes receiving a frame of the video sequence, identifying a plurality of blobs in the frame, computing at least one interior point of each blob of the plurality of blobs, and using the interior points in further processing of the video sequence. The interior points may be used, for example, in object tracking.

Object positioning with visual feedback

Abstract: A positioning system comprises a pattern projector (70) for projecting a 2D/3D pattern (45) onto an object surface. The 2D/3D pattern (45) is detected by a detector (80, 85), which generates a detection signal that is employed by a pattern analyzing circuit (110) for generating a surface representation of the object surface. A correction analyzing circuit (130) generates a correction signal representative of a discrepancy in position and/or posture of the surface representation relative a stored reference surface representation. The correction signal is employed to generate information (55, 56) that is projected by a light projector (70, 75) onto the object surface. The projected information (55, 56) is indicative of the determined discrepancy in object position and/or posture.

Methods and systems for creating digital street network database

Abstract: In a method for creating a digital representation of a transportation network location measurement data is acquired, and a plurality of maneuvers between choke points are generated from the location measurement data. The digital representation of the transportation network is then created and stored based on the plurality of maneuvers.

Representational Systems

Abstract: The concept of representation has been a key element in the scientific study of mental processes, ever since such studies commenced. However, usage of the term has been all but too liberal--if one were to adhere to common use it remains unclear if there are examples of physical systems which cannot be construed in terms of representation. The problem is considered afresh, taking as the starting point the notion of activity spaces--spaces of spatiotemporal events produced by dynamical systems. It is argued that representation can be analyzed in terms of the geometrical and topological properties of such spaces. Several attributes and processes associated with conceptual domains, such as logical structure, generalization and learning are considered, and given analogues in structural facets of activity spaces, as are misrepresentation and states of arousal. Based on this analysis, representational systems are defined, as is a key concept associated with such systems, the notion of representational capacity. According to the proposed theory, rather than being an all or none phenomenon, representation is in fact a matter of degree--that is can be associated with measurable quantities, as is behooving of a putative naturalistic construct.

Spinfoams in the holomorphic representation

Abstract: We study a holomorphic representation for spinfoams. The representation is obtained via the Ashtekar-Lewandowski-Marolf-Mourao-Thiemann coherent state transform. We derive the expression of the 4d spinfoam vertex for Euclidean and for Lorentzian gravity in the holomorphic representation. The advantage of this representation rests on the fact that the variables used have a clear interpretation in terms of a classical intrinsic and extrinsic geometry of space. We show how the peakedness on the extrinsic geometry selects a single exponential of the Regge action in the semiclassical large-scale asymptotics of the spinfoam vertex.

Touch inputs interacting with user interface items

Abstract: Techniques for managing user interactions with items on a user interface are disclosed. In one aspect, a representation of an opening is presented in response to touch input. A display object is moved over the opening, and the display object is processed in response to the moving. In another aspect, touch input pinching two opposite corners of a display object followed by touch input flicking the display object is received and the display object is deleted in response to the inputs. In another aspect, touch input centered over a display object is received and the display object is deleted in response to the input. In another aspect, touch input corresponding to swiping gestures are received and a display object is securely deleted in response to the gestures.

Topological change disturbs object continuity in attentive tracking

Abstract: The question of what is a perceptual object is one of the most central and also controversial issues in cognitive science. According to the topological approach to perceptual organization, the core intuitive notion of an object—the holistic identity preserved over shape-changing transformations—may be characterized precisely as topological invariance. Here we show that, across a series of multiple-object tracking tasks, performance was not disrupted when the moving items underwent massive featural changes. However, performance was significantly impaired when the items changed their topological properties of holes, demonstrating that topological invariance constrains what counts as an object in the first place. Consistent with previous findings, fMRI studies indicated that the anterior temporal lobe may be involved in the formation of object representation defined by topological constraints.