Representative elementary volume

TL;DR: In this article, the authors established the minimum size of a statistical volume element for a typical carbon fiber reinforced polymer and showed that it is δ = L/R = 50 (L the side of the element and R the fibre radius).

TL;DR: In this article, a generic Gibbs free energy for polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) is obtained by forming the increments of both elastic potential energy and Gibbs chemical energy over a Representative Volume Element (RVE) with respect to an infinitesimal increment of martensite.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors established a methodology to determine the equivalent elastic properties of fractured rock masses by explicit representations of stochastic fracture systems, and investigated the conditions for the application of the equivalent continuum approach for representing mechanical behavior of the fractured rock mass.

TL;DR: The phenomenological SMA equations developed in Part I are used in this article to derive the free energy and dissipation of a SMA composite material, which consists of solving a boundary value problem formulated over a mesoscale representative volume element, followed by an averaging procedure to obtain the macroscopic composite constitutive equations.

TL;DR: A volume-averaging approach is used to derive the linear constitutive equations for the electrical current density as well as the seepage velocities of the wetting and nonwetting phases on the scale of a representative elementary volume and compares the predicted streaming potential coupling coefficients with experimental data from four dolomite core samples.