Topic
Reservoir computing
About: Reservoir computing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1878 publications have been published within this topic receiving 39620 citations.
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TL;DR: A new computational model for real-time computing on time-varying input that provides an alternative to paradigms based on Turing machines or attractor neural networks, based on principles of high-dimensional dynamical systems in combination with statistical learning theory and can be implemented on generic evolved or found recurrent circuitry.
Abstract: A key challenge for neural modeling is to explain how a continuous stream of multimodal input from a rapidly changing environment can be processed by stereotypical recurrent circuits of integrate-and-fire neurons in real time. We propose a new computational model for real-time computing on time-varying input that provides an alternative to paradigms based on Turing machines or attractor neural networks. It does not require a task-dependent construction of neural circuits. Instead, it is based on principles of high-dimensional dynamical systems in combination with statistical learning theory and can be implemented on generic evolved or found recurrent circuitry. It is shown that the inherent transient dynamics of the high-dimensional dynamical system formed by a sufficiently large and heterogeneous neural circuit may serve as universal analog fading memory. Readout neurons can learn to extract in real time from the current state of such recurrent neural circuit information about current and past inputs that may be needed for diverse tasks. Stable internal states are not required for giving a stable output, since transient internal states can be transformed by readout neurons into stable target outputs due to the high dimensionality of the dynamical system. Our approach is based on a rigorous computational model, the liquid state machine, that, unlike Turing machines, does not require sequential transitions between well-defined discrete internal states. It is supported, as the Turing machine is, by rigorous mathematical results that predict universal computational power under idealized conditions, but for the biologically more realistic scenario of real-time processing of time-varying inputs. Our approach provides new perspectives for the interpretation of neural coding, the design of experiments and data analysis in neurophysiology, and the solution of problems in robotics and neurotechnology.
3,446 citations
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TL;DR: A method for learning nonlinear systems, echo state networks (ESNs), which employ artificial recurrent neural networks in a way that has recently been proposed independently as a learning mechanism in biological brains is presented.
Abstract: We present a method for learning nonlinear systems, echo state networks (ESNs). ESNs employ artificial recurrent neural networks in a way that has recently been proposed independently as a learning mechanism in biological brains. The learning method is computationally efficient and easy to use. On a benchmark task of predicting a chaotic time series, accuracy is improved by a factor of 2400 over previous techniques. The potential for engineering applications is illustrated by equalizing a communication channel, where the signal error rate is improved by two orders of magnitude.
3,122 citations
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TL;DR: This review systematically surveys both current ways of generating/adapting the reservoirs and training different types of readouts, and offers a natural conceptual classification of the techniques, which transcends boundaries of the current ''brand-names'' of reservoir methods.
2,251 citations
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TL;DR: This work introduces a novel architecture that reduces the usually required large number of elements to a single nonlinear node with delayed feedback and proves that delay-dynamical systems, even in their simplest manifestation, can perform efficient information processing.
Abstract: Novel methods for information processing are highly desired in our information-driven society. Inspired by the brain's ability to process information, the recently introduced paradigm known as 'reservoir computing' shows that complex networks can efficiently perform computation. Here we introduce a novel architecture that reduces the usually required large number of elements to a single nonlinear node with delayed feedback. Through an electronic implementation, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate excellent performance in a speech recognition benchmark. Complementary numerical studies also show excellent performance for a time series prediction benchmark. These results prove that delay-dynamical systems, even in their simplest manifestation, can perform efficient information processing. This finding paves the way to feasible and resource-efficient technological implementations of reservoir computing.
1,121 citations
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TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in physical reservoir computing is provided by classifying them according to the type of the reservoir to expand its practical applications and develop next-generation machine learning systems.
959 citations