Residual frame

About: Residual frame is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4443 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68784 citations.

Method and apparatus for imaging a body

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for generating video images of the internal structure of a body is disclosed. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel to be imaged. Radiation is directed at the body, and radiation which passes through the body is detected and converted into a series of frames of electronic video signals, preferably in digital form. The frames represent images of the radiation transmission characteristics of the body at a series of successive times. Each frame includes an array of pixels, the video level at each pixel of a frame being determined by the radiation transmissivity of the body through an elemental region thereof. An initial video frame, i.e., the first video frame generated after the initiation of video processing, is stored in a digital video frame store. The video signal level at each pixel of the next frame is compared to the video signal level of the corresponding pixel of the stored frame. The lower of the two video signal levels being compared is selected and said selected video signal level is re-stored (in place of the previously stored value) at the particular pixel in the video frame store. This is done for each pixel of the frame. The process is then repeated for subsequent frames. In this manner, the stored video frame is dynamically processed to retain, at each pixel, a video signal level that represents the highest opacity to radiation during the video processing period through the elemental region of the body that corresponds geometrically to the particular pixel.

Multi-subframe quantization of spectral parameters

Abstract: Speech is encoded into a frame of bits. A speech signal is digitized into a sequence of digital speech samples that are then divided into a sequence of subframes. A set of model parameters is estimated for each subframe. The model parameters include a set of spectral magnitude parameters that represent spectral information for the subframe. Two or more consecutive subframes from the sequence of subframes may be combined into a frame. The spectral magnitude parameters from both of the subframes within the frame may be jointly quantized. The joint quantization includes forming predicted spectral magnitude parameters from the quantized spectral magnitude parameters from the previous frame, computing the residual parameters as the difference between the spectral magnitude parameters and the predicted spectral magnitude parameters, combining the residual parameters from both of the subframes within the frame, and quantizing the combined residual parameters into a set of encoded spectral bits which are included in the frame of bits.

Method and apparatus for reducing false contour in digital display panel using pulse number modulation

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing false contour in a digital display apparatus including a plasma display panel (PDP) using pulse number modulation are provided. The apparatus includes a data converter, which processes an image signal such that a gray level of the image signal exists within a predetermined range; an error diffuser, which diffuses an error between a gray level of a current pixel in a current frame of the image signal and a gray level of the current pixel in the current frame after being subjected to gray-level change, to pixels adjacent to the current pixel in the current frame; a gray-level changing unit, which calculates a difference in a gray level between each pixel in the current frame of the image signal and a pixel corresponding to the current frame pixel in a previous frame of the image signal, and changes the gray level of the current frame pixel based on the gray level difference such that transition in an emission pattern of higher weighted subfields among subfields, which illuminate according to the gray level of the current frame pixel, between the current frame pixel and the previous frame pixel is minimized; and a subfield converter, which converts a subfield according to a gray level output from the gray-level changing unit.

Resource-adaptive video interpolation or extrapolation

Abstract: A decoder may apply a resource-focused interpolation mode to enable or disable interpolation or extrapolation of video units, such as frames, based on power and quality considerations. In one mode, interpolation may be disabled to conserve power when reference frames are not likely to produce satisfactory quality. In another mode, the threshold may be adjustable as a function of power saving requirements. This disclosure also describes selection of reference video frames to be used for interpolation or extrapolation of a video frame. A decoder may apply a quality-focused mode to select a reference frame based on quality criteria. The quality criteria may indicate a level of quality likely to be produced by a reference frame. If no reference frames satisfy the quality criteria, interpolation or extrapolation may be disabled. Display of an interpolated or extrapolated frame may be selectively enabled based on a quality analysis of the frame.

Adaptive hybrid automatic repeat request method and apparatus

Abstract: An adaptive hybrid automatic repeat request system and method, which comprise (a) transmitting a data frame comprised of a data bit and a parity bit that are channel-coded using a predetermined initial coding rate; (b) receiving the data frame, performing channel decoding of the received data frame, and when an error exists in the channel-decoded data frame, correcting the error; (c) when there is no error in the channel-decoded data frame or the error is corrected, transmitting an ACK message to a transmitting terminal; (d) when the error of the channel-decoded data frame is not corrected, measuring an error degree of a corresponding frame and transmitting a NACK message to which the measured error degree is added, to the transmitting terminal; (e) retransmitting a parity frame that is generated by performing channel coding of a parity bit corresponding to a parity level determined in accordance with the error degree added to the NACK message; and (f) combining the retransmitted parity bit with a data bit of a data frame in which error correction fails and performing channel decoding and error correction.