Residual frame

About: Residual frame is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4443 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68784 citations.

I/P/B frame type decision by collinearity of displacements

Abstract: State-of-art encoders in real life applications typically select the number of B frames to be coded between each I or P frame to be equal to one or two by default. The few research works that have addressed the problem of encoder optimization by frame type decision rely on measures of motion magnitude and amount to select the number of B frames. In contrast to such solutions, in this paper we advocate the idea of motion similarity in terms of speed and direction as the basis for deciding how many B frames to encode between any two stored frames. Such similarity is evaluated by the collinearity of the displacements in successive frames. Experimental results using the proposed decision method integrated in our H.264 compliant codec show that the bit rates achieved in the compressed bitstreams are optimal and near-optimal for the tested sequences, and are lower by up to 26% than those obtained using the default number of B frames of typical encoders. Furthermore, such bit rate savings are obtained with no subjective loss in the visual quality of the decoded sequences. Last but not least, our method provides a simple form of temporal scalability and can be employed in any coding system that makes use of I, P and B frames.

Motion compensated resolution conversion system

Abstract: A process is provided for creating a high resolution copy of a target video frame selected from a sequence of video frames, wherein each video frame comprises two interlaced fields. The process comprises the steps of: selecting a single field of the target video frame for resolution enhancement; defining a reference target frame having pixel values assigned from the selected single field; defining an enlarged target frame having pixel locations corresponding to the high resolution copy; assigning pixel values from the selected single field to pixel locations in the enlarged target frame which correspond to pixel locations in the selected single field; assigning estimated pixel values to unassigned pixel locations in the reference target frame; selecting a field from one of the video frames in the sequence of video frames which was not chosen as the selected single field as a first object field; estimating motion vectors extending from the reference target frame to pixels in the first object field; identifying accurate motion vectors; assigning the value of a respective pixel for each motion vector identified as accurate to an enlarged target frame pixel location corresponding to an origination point of the motion vector unless the enlarged target frame pixel location was previously assigned a pixel value; and printing the enlarged target frame. Further provided is printing apparatus for creating a high resolution copy of lower resolution video information.

Method of validation and host buffer allocation for unmapped fibre channel frames

Abstract: A method of validation and host buffer allocation for unmapped fibre channel frames. More particularly, the invention encompasses a method of validating unmapped frames, each including a header and a payload, including receiving a frame (500) as a current frame; determining if the current frame is a first frame in a sequence (502), and if so, saving the header and payload of the current frame in a buffer (504), and otherwise determining if the current frame is a next expected frame in the sequence (508), then saving the payload of the current frame in the buffer after the payload of the prior frame (512); determining if the current frame is a last frame in the sequence (510), and if so, sending a message to a host indicating receipt of the complete sequence (518); if the current frame is not the next expected frame in the sequence, then saving the header and payload of the current frame in the buffer (520), and sending a message to the host indicating receipt of a partial sequence (522). The host CPU is interrupted when either a complete sequence is received, or a partial sequence is received, followed by a frame from a different sequence. The host CPU may then process the concatenated payload of the sequence. The invention is particularly useful for processing TCP/IP frames in a Fibre Channel network.

Fast multiple reference frame motion estimation for h.264 based on qualified frame selection scheme

Abstract: Multiple reference frame motion compensation has been adopted by the emerging video coding standard H.264/AVC. But the motion estimation at the encoder over multiple reference frames to find the best inter coding is slow and computationally involved. Thus, a fast algorithm for reference frame selection and motion estimation is proposed to reduce the complexity. The proposed method, Fast Multiple Reference Frame Motion Estimation (FMRFME) selects the suitable reference frames according to the initial motion search results of 8x8 block size, and only the selected frames should be further tested in variable block size motion estimation. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces a considerable amount of complexity of multiple reference frame motion estimation while keeping the same R-D performance as full search.

Interleavers and de-interleavers

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for interleaving and de-interleaving frame symbols using a single memory buffer. Input frame symbols are read out in an interleaved sequence (or de-interleaved sequence) on a symbol by symbol basis. Frame symbols following the input frame symbols are written into memory locations from where the input frame symbols were read.