Residual frame

About: Residual frame is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4443 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68784 citations.

An Error Concealment Scheme for Entire Frame Losses for H.264/AVC

Abstract: In this paper, an error concealment scheme is proposed to conceal an entirely lost frame in a compressed video bitstream due to errors introduced during transmission. The proposed scheme targets low bit rate video transmission applications using H.264/AVC. The motion field of the lost frame is first reconstructed by copying the co-located motion vectors and reference indices from the last decoded reference frame. After the motion field estimation of the missing frame, motion compensation is performed to reconstruct the frame. This technique reuses existing modules of the video decoder and it does not incur extra complexity compared to decoding a normal frame. It has also been adopted as a non-normative decoder option to the JM reference software at the JVT meeting in Poznan, Poland in July 2005 [1] and has been incorporated into the SA4 video ad hoc group's toolkit at the 3GPP meeting at Paris [2] in September 2005. Simulation results will show its improved performance over other simple error concealment schemes such as "frame copy," both subjectively and objectively, without significant complexity overhead.

Frame synchronization for coded systems over AWGN channels

Abstract: For the additive white Gaussian noise channel, we consider the problem of frame synchronization for coded systems. We present an algorithm that takes advantage of soft information provided by a soft decoder to produce an enhanced estimate of the frame boundary. To reduce complexity, a companion algorithm is introduced that is a hybrid of the optimal uncoded frame synchronizer introduced by Massey and the list synchronizer introduced by Robertson. The high-complexity coded maximum-likelihood frame synchronizer used by Robertson will accordingly be replaced by our algorithm, which operates on decoder-provided soft decisions. The algorithm begins by obtaining a list of high-probability starting positions via the log-likelihood function of the optimal uncoded frame synchronizer. Then, a test /spl delta/ is used to decide if the decision of the optimal uncoded frame synchronizer is sufficient, or whether list synchronization is required. If the test chooses in favor of using the optimal uncoded synchronizer, the estimate is obtained with relative ease. Otherwise, list synchronization is performed, and statistics provided by the decoder are used to resolve the frame boundary. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the frame-synchronization-error rate (the probability of the synchronizer making an error) achieves the lower bound for signal-to-noise ratio values exceeding 1 dB.

Adaptive field/frame selection for high-compression coding

Abstract: In practice, interlaced video sequences are typically coded with either a frame-only or field-only structure, irrespective of the content. However, coding in this way will not provide the best coding efficiency. This paper proposes an adaptive picture-level field/frame coding scheme with corresponding rate control. First, a two-pass field/frame decision scheme is proposed. In this scheme, we formulate the field/frame decision as a constrained optimization problem. The actual rate and distortion data are collected and the optimal picture-level coding decision is determined based on this data. An effective rate control for the proposed two-pass algorithm is also presented. However, since the complexity of the two-pass scheme is relatively large since motion estimation must be performed for both the frame-based picture and the field-based picture, we also propose a one-pass field/frame decision scheme. This one-pass scheme calculates the variance of each macroblock in a field and estimates the correlation between two fields. Based on the correlation, a decision to code the picture as a frame or as fields is made. A rate control method for the proposed one-pass scheme is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme outperforms frame-only and field-only coding for several sequences coded at a wide range of bit-rates, and the proposed one-pass scheme obtains similar performance as the proposed two-pass scheme.

Transmission Control Frame Generation Device, Transmission Control Frame Processing Device, Transmission Control Frame Generation Method, and Transmission Control Frame Processing Method

Abstract: There is provided a transmission control frame generation device capable of reducing the data amount of feedback information while maintaining the quality of the feedback information. In this device, an average quality level calculation unit ( 182 ) calculates a reference line state level between sub-carriers from the line state levels corresponding to the sub-carriers. A DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) unit ( 184 ) encodes a difference value between a first line state level of a sub-carrier and a second line state level of another sub-carrier and an encoded difference value is obtained. A feedback frame generation unit ( 185 ) generates a frame indicating the reference line state level and the encoded difference value. A number-of-bits control unit ( 183 ) controls encoding of the difference value according to the relative size with respect to one of the reference line state levels: the first line state level or the second line state level.