Resist

About: Resist is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 40991 publications have been published within this topic receiving 371548 citations.

Radiation Chemistry in Chemically Amplified Resists

Abstract: Historically, in the mass production of semiconductor devices, exposure tools have been repeatedly replaced with those with a shorter wavelength to meet the resolution requirements projected in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors issued by the Semiconductor Industry Association. After ArF immersion lithography, extreme ultraviolet (EUV; 92.5 eV) radiation is expected to be used as an exposure tool for the mass production at or below the 22 nm technology node. If realized, 92.5 eV EUV will be the first ionizing radiation used for the mass production of semiconductor devices. In EUV lithography, chemically amplified resists, which have been the standard resists for mass production since the use of KrF lithography, will be used to meet the sensitivity requirement. Above the ionization energy of resist materials, the fundamental science of imaging, however, changes from photochemistry to radiation chemistry. In this paper, we review the radiation chemistry of materials related to chemically amplified resists. The imaging mechanisms from energy deposition to proton migration in resist materials are discussed.

Sequential Infiltration Synthesis for Advanced Lithography

Abstract: A plasma etch resist material modified by an inorganic protective component via sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) and methods of preparing the modified resist material. The modified resist material is characterized by an improved resistance to a plasma etching or related process relative to the unmodified resist material, thereby allowing formation of patterned features into a substrate material, which may be high-aspect ratio features. The SIS process forms the protective component within the bulk resist material through a plurality of alternating exposures to gas phase precursors which infiltrate the resist material. The plasma etch resist material may be initially patterned using photolithography, electron-beam lithography or a block copolymer self-assembly process.

Energy-sensitive resist material and a process for device fabrication using an energy-sensitive resist material

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for device fabrication and resist materials that are used in the process. The resist material contains a polymer that contains monomeric units that contain alicyclic formate moieties, and at least one other type of monomeric unit. The polymer may be formed by polymerization or by polymer modification of an existing polymer, and the resulting polymer either has alicyclic moieties incorporated into the polymer backbone or pendant to the polymer backbone via saturated hydrocarbon linkages. A preferred polymerization process is free radical polymerization, in which other monomers are selected for polymerization with the alicyclic moiety-containing monomer on the basis of the ability of the monomer to copolymerize by free radical polymerization. Although the polymers are contemplated as useful in resist materials that are sensitive to radiation in the ultraviolet, and x-ray wavelengths as well as sensitive to electron beam radiation, the polymers are particularly advantageous for use in process in which the exposing radiation is 193 nm, because the amount of ethylenic unsaturation in these resist materials is low.

A mathematical model for spin coating of polymer resists

Abstract: The success of lithographic processes in microelectronics fabrication depends on the reproducible generation of desired polymer resist film thickness and profile uniformity. Numerous process variables affect the outcome of spin coating of resists on wafers. A thorough understanding of the intricate interdependence of process parameters is essential to guide future process design and improvement. A mathematical model is derived to elucidate the dominant mechanisms governing film formation. The non‐Newtonian character of the resist solution is taken into account, as well as the changes in resist viscosity and solvent diffusivity with changing polymer concentration. Results obtained from this model show that polymer film thickness is controlled by convective radial flow of the resist solution and solvent evaporation. The former process governs film thickness during the early stages of the process, while the latter becomes significant in later stages. The model accurately describes the experimentally observed dependence of film thickness on the variables affecting the spin‐coating process.

Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprises: a step of forming an inter-layer insulating film on a semiconductor substrate; a step of forming a first metal film on the inter-layer insulating film; a step of forming a first resist on the first metal film and patterning the first resist; a step of performing anisotropic etching on the first metal film using the first resist as a mask; a step of removing the first resist; a step of forming a second metal film on the inter-layer insulating film so as to cover the remaining first metal film; a step of forming a second resist on the second metal film in an area where the first metal film exists on the inter-layer insulating film and part of an area where the first metal film does not exist; a step of performing anisotropic etching on the second metal film using the second resist as a mask and forming a bonding pad having the first metal film and the second metal film and an upper layer wiring which has the second metal film, yet not the first metal film; a step of removing the second resist; a step of forming a surface protection film so as to cover the bonding pad; and a step of forming a pad opening in the surface protection film on the bonding pad