Showing papers on "Resource management published in 1969"

Computer Simulation Models for Fisheries Research, Management, and Teaching

Abstract: Recent and current activities involving large-scale computer simulation models in fisheries science and related areas of applied ecology are reviewed. Selected general references to computer modeling and simulation as well as specific references in resource management and ecology are given. Two types of existing models are described—those developed for investigating benefits and cost of fishery management policies and those for studying fundamental properties of natural animal communities. Use of simulated resource management games as Link trainers to provide students with the type of learning experience that now requires several years in responsible management positions is discussed. It is predicted that the resource management agency of the future will maintain a hierarchy of simulation models to serve as basic planning tools for studying total system response to natural and artificial change.

Cost effectiveness in R&D organizational resource allocation

Abstract: A method for use in allocating resources to a multi-laboratory, multitask research and exploratory program is described. The basic elements of the underlying model are 1) tasks, projects, and laboratories, 2) contributing sciences and technologies (S and T), 3) criticality of such fields to achieving organizational objectives, 4) relative values of objectives, and 5) costs of performing tasks. Structural models are developed for interrelating tasks, S and T fields, and objectives. A cost-effectiveness model is developed for use in allocating resources to tasks. Research and exploratory development effectiveness is measured in terms of the value of task contribution to organizational objectives. Results of this study tested by experimentally determined inputs include 1) cost-effectiveness relationships for tasks, projects, laboratories, and S and T fields, 2) log-normal distributions for both project cost and effectiveness, and 3) a systematic procedure for allocating resources to R&D activities.

Economic Aspects of Water Resource Policy

Abstract: This ARTICLE REPORTS what I as an economist think I have learned from the experience of the western states in economizing on water, which may suggest what eastern researchers might learn by directing some of their efforts toward sifting and evaluating the western history. This is one area in which history flowed backwards: the western evolution anticipated that in the East by a hundred years. Learning from the West does not mean copying the West for the West made mistakes as well as scored successes. Prom the total experience I shall seek to distill what seem to me to be general economic truths bearing on water resources.

Finding Voice in a Changing Ecological and Political Landscape — Traditional Knowledge and Resource Management in Settled and Unsettled Claim Areas of the Northwest Territories, Canada

Abstract: The Traditional Knowledge Policy (1994) of the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) provides the First Nations, Inuit, and Metis peoples of the NWT with a useful basis for influencing the management of land, water, wildlife, and other valued resources. The mechanisms of such influence are not always clear, however, particularly for those unfamiliar with the details of the bureaucratic process. This paper developed around the question, “what ecological and social (institutional) factors affect how, when, and to what extent Traditional Knowledge holders have voice in decisions about key resource management issues?” More specifically, does the ecological scale of the resource management problem and the settlement of Comprehensive Land Claim Agreements matter? Using forest fire management, non-renewable resource development, and climate change as case studies, the paper identifies a diversity of institutional arrangements in settled and unsettled land claim areas of the NWT by which Traditional Knowledge can have significant influence over resource management decision-making.

Territorialité et territoires de chasse familiaux chez les Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok dans le contexte contemporain

Abstract: This article analyses land tenure and resource management patterns of the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok (Upper-Mauricie, Quebec), as well as the forms of authority and responsibility carried out within f...

Estimating Contributions of Natural Resource Investments to Objectives in Regional Economic Development

Abstract: Y principal purpose is to assess the status of methods for estimating l lM contributions of Federal water resource development projects with respect to regional economic objectives. Emphasis is upon problems experienced both by the Federal agencies and by those with responsibilities for assisting in economic evaluation of the projects. Two theses underlying this paper are: (1) Appropriate procedures in benefit-cost analysis, as applied to regions, require a foundation in relevant concepts and theories of regional economic development; and (2) efforts to develop methods for estimating the more dynamic effects of water projects should be preceded by the development of defensible measures for the less dynamic effects.

Technological forecasting in planning for company growth

Abstract: No one company has resources that are sufficient to permit it to counter all potential threats or to explore all available opportunities resulting from today's technology explosion. Accordingly, each company must become increasingly selective in its allocation of those resources committed toward insuring its future. This article describes the particular experience of TRW Inc. with technological forecasting?one of several techniques that a company may use in improving its selectivity.

The Constitutional Context of Canadian Water Planning

Abstract: Water resource management in Canada involves both the federal and provincial constitutional powers. The result has been a complex administration which is both poorly co-ordinated and confusing. In order to explain the features of the present structure the author examines the federal and provincial powers involved. He concludes by advocating the replacement of federal and provincial control by a basin-oriented system of resource management which is feasible under the existing constitution.

Technological forecasting in a dynamic environment

Abstract: Government and industry are developing many new ways to forecast future technical developments, but the payoff comes when these projections are incorporated as part of the R&D planning process. This is done on two levels — when deciding on future work in a specific development project and when assigning priorities to the overall R&D effort. Systems being developed in industry and in the federal government are able to integrate technological forecasts with data on future needs, probabilities of success, and potential funding levels. The computerized result is a complete ranking of all on-going and potential projects according to their overall worth. But care must be taken to ensure that the computer printout retains its role as a servant and not a ruler of managers. One of many normative (goal-oriented) technological forecasting techniques currently being examined will be discussed in this paper. It is hoped that this technique will serve two interrelated purposes: 1) to explore the structure of project-selection decision problems in the context of the information and organization environment of the R&D manager and 2) to explore characteristics of the R&D process that are relevant to the design and implementation of management system for planning and controlling resource allocation among various R&D projects.

Technical resource management: quantitative methods

Abstract: Traditional research management methods, the authors contend, are too unsystematic to continue to control the funding and allocation of men, money, and materials in research. Today, research and development (RD the authors believe they work; and this book gives an overview of the most significant resource allocation techniques now being used in government and industry.Among the suggested strategies for planning are rigorous goal identification, sample budgeting, time apportionment, and selection of those research paths which give the greatest over-all payoffs. The authors emphasize that hard choices must be made, and that research projects must be assigned a "value" rating so that most promising ones are given priority, while less important ones are deferred. The allocation of funds represents one of the most difficult but also one of the most fruitful aspects of the decision-making process. One of the methods for making such decisions is the Methodology for Allocating Corporate Resources to Objectives (MACRO) which has been used in Europe as well as in the U.S. Another procedure, now being employed by the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, involves the use of computerized planning programs.Only research that has been carefully planned will yield the most significant technological advances. Yet development must be just as carefully managed, for its cost may be phenomenal, and a wrong start could be catastrophic. Finally, the authors consider technological forecasting, which must be accurate enough to provide the judgment necessary to prevent over-extension of resources on the one hand, and incipient obsolescence. Here, as in current planning, rigorous management control must be practiced.

Significance of Ground-Wafer Management Strategy— A Systems Approacha

Abstract: In Southern California's San Bernardino Valley a unique experiment is being performed by a local water district, the State government, and a private industry. Both the experiment and the organizational arrangements for getting the job done are the subject of this paper. The experiment is the application of systems analysis technology to water resource management. The organization is formed by a combination of contracts and cooperative agreement between private and government agencies. The result is a favorable environment for the development of effective water resource management strategies. The San Bernardino Valley is similar Co many areas in the world where water resource management reduces to the allocation of locally available ground water and potential imported water resources. This paper outlines in detail the analysis tools and long-range planning needs of effective ground-water management strategies.

R69-25 A System Organization for Resource Allocation

Abstract: "This paper introduces a system for resource management using the concepts of 'process,' 'facility,' and 'event.' Except for the processor no attempt has been made to give serious suggestions for the policy to be followed for resource allocation. However, a basic framework is provided in which a system analyst can express solutions to resource management problems.