Showing papers on "Resource management published in 1980"

Multiaccess Protocols in Packet Communication Systems

Abstract: The need for multiaccess protocols arises whenever a resource is shared by many independent contending users. Two major factors contribute to such a situation: the need to share expensive resources in order to achieve their efficient utilization, or the need to provide a high degree of connectivity for communication among independent subscribers (or both). In data transmission systems, the communication bandwidth is often the prime resource, and it is with respect to this resource that we view multiaccess protocols here. We give in this paper a unified presentation of the various multiaccess techniques which we group into five categories: 1) fixed assignment techniques, 2) random access techniques, 3) centrally controlled demand assignment techniques, 4) demand assignment techniques with distributed control, and 5) mixed strategies. We discuss their applicability to different enivironments, namely, satellite channels, local area communication networks and multihop store-and-forward broadcast networks, and their applicability to different types of data traffic, namely stream traffic and bursty traffic. We also present the performance of many of the multiaccess protocols in terms of bandwidth utilization and message delay.

Resource Economics: An Economic Approach to Natural Resource and Environmental Policy

Abstract: NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: THE CHALLENGE TO ECONOMISTS. Economic Growth, Resource Scarcity, and Environmental Degradation. Cornucopia or Catastrophe. Resources and Policy. ALLOCATION, DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING: ECONOMIC POLICY FOR RESOURCES POLICY. Economic Coordination and the Price System. Economic Efficiency. Criteria for Economic Policy. Property Rights, Efficiency and the Distribution of Income. Sources of Inefficiency. RULES OF THE GAME: THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK. The Loci of Economic Decision Making. Some Important Legal Concepts. Natural Resources and the State: Legislative and Judicial Processes as They Apply to Natural and Environmental Resources. PROJECT AND PROGRAM EVALUATION. Benefit Cost Analysis. Benefit Cost Analysis in a Limited-Information Environment. APPLICATIONS. Intertemporal Allocation I: Exhaustible Resources. Demand and Supply of Fossil Fuels. Intertemporal Allocation 2: Biological Resources. Land Markets. Land Use Policy. The Control of Polluting Emissions. The Siting of Locally Obnoxious Facilities. Water Resources Projects: The Case of the Tellico Dam and Reservoir Project. Conservation and Preservation. Epilog. Index.

An Alternative to the Rayleigh Curve Model for Software Development Effort

Abstract: A new model of the software development process is presented and used to derive the form of the resource consumption curve of a project over its life cycle. The function obtained differs in detail from the Rayleigh curve previously used in fitting actual project data. The main advantage of the new model is that it relates the rate of progress which can be achieved in developing software to the structure of the system being developed. This leads to a more testable theory, and it also becomes possible to predict how the use of structured programming methods may alter pattems of life cycle resource consumption.

A Fishermen's Cooperative, Limited: Indigenous Resource Management in a Complex Society

Abstract: development of appropriate plans for the management of fisheries through the aegis of regional management councils and codified that objective of fisheries management as "optimum yield." Few people are certain about the meaning of optimum yield (cf. Larkin 1977) beyond the law's statement that management is to be based upon the standard biological goal of "maximum sustained yield" as modified by relevant social, cultural, economic, and ecological factors. A study of "Gull Haven" (pseudonym), a fishing community in the New York Bight Region of the Mid-Atlantic coast,l was undertaken with the objective of elucidating some of the social and cultural factors relevant to optimum yield and fisheries management. One finding is that some participants in the fisheries of the region are already in the business of fisheries management, within the framework of fish marketing cooperatives. The Gull Haven Fishery

The evaluation of natural resource adequacy: elusive quest or frontier of economic analysis?

Abstract: Professor Smith examines the theory underlying the measurement of scarcity indices and the mechanisms through which natural-resource constraints might be relaxed. Six conclusions are drawn from the study: (1) past confidence in the increased availability of natural resources over time must be questioned; (2) economic models concerned with the implications of a narrowing resource base should be reconsidered in light of the potential importance of open access environmental resources; (3) what we know about the role of narrowly defined natural resources in existing technologies and the change in these technologies over time is primitive and at variance with several economic interpretations; (4) models seeking empirical estimates must restructure their analyses to permit the explicit treatment of endogenous adjustment rates; (5) many complex, resource-related problems may require a new, more-specified multidisciplinary approach; (6) research into the perceptions behind resource-allocation decisions is essential to economic analysis. 117 references, 4 figures, 2 tables.

Resource management on the flight deck

Abstract: Several approaches to the training and selection of aircrew are presented including both industry and nonindustry perspectives. Human factor aspects of the problem are also examined with specific emphasis on the psychology of the flight deck situation.

Resource Production Under Uncertainty: A Stochastic Control Approach to Timber Harvest Scheduling

Abstract: Most empirical natural-resource-management problems are intertemporal optimization problems under uncertainty. The Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) method derives an approximate stochastic solution to such problems. The error in modeling resource dynamics and error in observing resource stocks are incorporated explicitly into the LQG problem solution. The LQG is outlined briefly and applied to the harvest-scheduling problem on the Stanislaus National Forest. The importance of knowing management preferences precisely is shown by stochastic simulations. Harvest levels and the cost of a given source of uncertainty are shown to be quite sensitive to the objective-function specification, permitting a more-rational scheduling of production and allocation of research funds. 16 references, 3 tables.

A Land Management Model Using Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition.

Abstract: This paper deals with a mathematical model designed to provide guidelines for managing a land resource over an extended period of time We develop a framework which permits sequences of management decisions to be conveniently formulated, and their associated costs and benefits specified This takes the form of a network Each path in the network represents a possible decision sequence We study how to select suitable decision sequences and what proportion of the resource to manage with each selected sequence, so as to optimize some specified objective and meet the constraints imposed on management of the resource An LP model is formulated The solution strategy decomposes the LP matrix using Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and solves the subproblems efficiently by dynamic programming or a network flow algorithm Computational aspects are discussed and the concepts and procedures are illustrated in the Appendix, for forest management

Construction Management in West Germany

Abstract: In Germany, both professional construction management and construction management techniques have been refined during the last two decades. Increasingly, modern management techniques to plan and control time, resources, and costs of construction processes are used by owners and by the construction industry. First, this paper will present a brief overview on the status of the german construction industry within the German economy. Secondly, it will review project management techniques commonly used in this country. Emphasis will be put on the velocity diagram which, to the knowledge of the writer, is not too widely used in the United States. Thirdly, construction management concepts are presented as used on several large construction projects in Germany. Differences with reguard to various owners will be illustrated.

On the Training of Time Sharing Skills: An Attention Viewpoint.

Abstract: : Training of time-sharing skills is discussed within an attention framework in which poor time-sharing performance is interpreted to stem from scarcity or inefficient utilization of processing resources. Practice is argued to increase resource availability either by reducing the resource demands of each task, improving coordination, or enhancing the voluntary control on resource allocation. Based on this analysis notions of skill generalizations and implications for the development of training procedures are examined. (Author)

Resource management for large systems: Concepts, algorithms, and an application

Abstract: Certain resource-allocation problems encountered in large operational systems are characterized as the resource management (RM) problem. Known Lagarange multiplier techniques for decentralization of large problems are then extended to large "real-world" problems, where functions and sets may be ill behaved. Simple conditions are given for existence of suitable multipliers, and provably convergent solution algorithms are also presented. These results are based on novel sets of assumptions; an attempt is made to justify these as an alternative for analyzing large real-world systems. Application of these concepts and algorithms to a large spare-parts warehouse is described.

A systems approach to water resource allocation in international river basin development

Abstract: A methodology is presented to assist the water resource systems analyst in providing and interpreting technical information to promote coordinated water resource use in international river basin development. The international river basin planning environment is examined to identify the analytical information which can address and satisfy comprehensive decision-making requirements. This information is organized within a multilevel decomposition framework that permits an analysis of the implications of alternative resource development patterns in terms of nations both achieving their objectives and pursuing development strategies that will lead to feasible basin-wide resource use. The proposed methodology is applied to an example of international river basin planning with the generation of resource transformation curves, and results are examined for their appropriateness as bases for coordinated development.

Analysis of eighty-four commercial aviation incidents - Implications for a resource management approach to crew training

Abstract: A resource management approach to aircrew performance is defined and utilized in structuring an analysis of 84 exemplary incidents from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System. The distribution of enabling and associated (evolutionary) and recovery factors between and within five analytic categories suggests that resource management training be concentrated on: (1) interpersonal communications, with air traffic control information of major concern; (2) task management, mainly setting priorities and appropriately allocating tasks under varying workload levels; and (3) planning, coordination, and decisionmaking concerned with preventing and recovering from potentially unsafe situations in certain aircraft maneuvers.

Social psychology on the flight deck

Abstract: Social psychological and personality factors that can influence resource management on the flight deck are discussed. It is argued that personality and situational factors intersect to determine crew responses and that assessment of performance under full crew and mission conditions can provide the most valuable information about relevant factors. The possibility of training procedures to improve performance on these dimensions is discussed.