Showing papers on "Respiratory epithelium published in 1969"

Interaction of influenza virus with leukocytes and its effect on phagocytosis.

Abstract: Influenza complicated by bacterial pneumonia is probably the best known example of a viral infection that increases the susceptibility of the host to bacterial disease, an example for which there is both clinical [1] and experimental documentation [2-5]. Two mechanisms are recognized as important in the heightened susceptibility. First, viral lesions of the respiratory epithelium [1] may impair clearance of bacteria by the mucociliary apparatus and facilitate direct invasion by the bacteria; results of experiments in mice, however, led Harford and Hamlin [6] to question the nature and the significance of lesions of the bronchial epithelium. Second, edema of the lung may develop. Edema may promote bacterial multiplication and indirectly impair phagocytosis by diluting the exudate that forms as an antibacterial defense [2, 3, 7]. In vitro studies with guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) [8-10] suggest that a third factor may be important, namely, a direct antiphagocytic action of the virus on the leukocytes. The present studies deal with the role of the direct antiphagocytic effect of influenza virus in the enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection that is associated with influenza. In addition, earlier investigations of PMN interaction with virus [11-14] and of the direct antiphagocytic action of influenza virus on PMN [8-10] have been extended to other types of leukocytes and to cells from other species.

The anatomic site of the transepithelial permeability barriers of toad bladder.

Abstract: An examination of the mucosal epithelium of the urinary bladder of the toad reveals that the two major cell types which abut on the urinary surface, the granular and mitochondria-rich cells, also contact the basement membrane. Thus, the epithelium functions as a single cell layer. Although basal cells are interpolated between the granular cells and the basement membrane over a large portion of the epithelium, they do not constitute an additional continuous cell layer. This finding is consistent with extensive physiological data which had assumed that the major permeability barriers of this epithelium were the apical and basal-lateral plasma membranes of a single layer of cells.

Ultrastructure of the mouse tracheal epithelium

Abstract: The ultrastructure of mouse tracheal epithelium was examined. The three cell types, basal cells, ciliated cells and goblet cells, described for other mammalian trachea were found to be present although goblet cells occurred only rarely. A cell type, termed the nonciliated cell, not described in other mammalian trachea was frequently found in mouse tracheal epithelium. These cells contained abundant smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, a large Golgi complex, and many mitochondria. There were many vesciles containing an electron dense material near the luminal surface of these cells; these cells were positive for PAS. These features suggested a secretory function for the cells. This, along with the scarcity of goblet cells, suggested that the nonciliated cells of mouse tracheal epithelium fulfill the function of the goblet cells found in other mammalian trachea.

The propagation of "coronaviruses" in tissue-culture.

Abstract: The conditions for the cultivation of the 229-E respiratory virus in tissue culture are described. The virus multiplies only in human tissue culture systems, but a variety of cell types are sensitive to it. The virus has been isolated in three continuous cell lines and a plaque assay has been developed in one of these. This cell line (L 132) derived from human embryo lung, was also used to isolate three other viruses of similar morphology which had previously been cultivated only in organ cultures of human respiratory epithelium.

A reconstruction oftheductsystem andsecretory tubules ofthehumanbronchial submucosal gland

Abstract: A graphic reconstruction hasbeenmadeofa submucosal glandfroma normalhumanmain bronchus, revealing a collecting ductnotpreviously described. Ciliated respiratory epithelium dipsintotheglandopening tolinethefirst partoftheduct, theciliated duct, andthengives way, inthecollecting duct, toan epithelium composed oftall, columnar, eosinophilic cells containing numerous largemitochondria. Thiscellstructure suggests thatthecollecting ductcontrols ionic andwaterconcentration. Fromthecollecting ductarise secretory tubules linedbymucous cells-mucous tubules. Tubules lined byserouscellsseroustubules-arise frommucous tubules either terminally orlaterally.