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Showing papers on "Reverse osmosis published in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most commonly used desalination technologies are reverse osmosis (RO) and thermal processes such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) as mentioned in this paper.

1,708 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane treatment process that was investigated at bench scale to determine its feasibility to concentrate centrate under both batch and continuous operating conditions, and results demonstrated that high water flux and high nutrient rejection could be achieved.

559 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes by humic acid, a recalcitrant natural organic matter (NOM), was systematically investigated in this paper.

358 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the hypochlorite degradation of polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and proposed a method to develop membranes with improved resistance to chlorine attack.

338 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes were used to remove this toxic and persistent compound from PFOS-containing wastewater and PFOS rejection and fouling were enhanced for greater initial flux and/or applied pressure.
Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an emergent contaminant of substantial environmental concerns. In this study, reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were used to remove this tox...

331 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the roles of RO membrane surface properties in membrane fouling by two model biopolymers, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate, were investigated.

322 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a thin film composite spiral wound type membrane in reverse osmosis process is studied for rejecting the Cu+2 and Ni+2 from single-salt and mixed salt systems.

258 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of complete fractionation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) using membrane technology was investigated using an extended parametric study for the optimum fractionation yield of OMW involved variation of the operational system parameters including temperature and the trans-membrane pressure.

207 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of fouling by organics on rejection was observed for the removal of 36 neutral trace plastic additives, endocrine disruptors and other organic contaminants, and the dominant removal mechanism is dependent on solute type but largely involving sieving, diffusion and other membrane solute interaction by polymer.

199 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fouling of a spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane after nearly 1 year of service in a brackish water treatment plant was investigated using optical and electron microscopic methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

178 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of 22 endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceutically active compounds by ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was investigated using 24-h bottle tests at 21 and 4°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ashkelon as discussed by the authors, the world's largest reverse osmosis desalination plant, is providing full capacity of drinking water (330,000 m3/d) at the lowest production cost for this type of project.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A two-stage reverse osmosis (RO) process for high water recovery (up to 95%) desalination of Colorado River water was evaluated and demonstrated at the pilot scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the three thermal desalination processes are discussed with focus on design, energy, and economic aspects, including performance ratio, specific heat transfer area, and system dimensions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Salt cleaning appears to be an effective cleaning method, and may prove useful for membrane-based advanced wastewater reclamation, where a large fraction of the organic foulants is hydrophilic.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of producing drinking water from brackish groundwater using nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) processes was studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
Claudio Russo1
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel treatment approach based on tangential flow membrane filtrations for the selective separation and total recovery of hydroxytyrosol, water and organic substances is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Textile dyeing industries in Tirupur and Karur of Tamil Nadu (India) usually discharge effluents ranging between 80 and 200m3/t of production.
Abstract: Textile dyeing industries in Tirupur and Karur of Tamil Nadu (India) usually discharge effluents ranging between 80 and 200 m3/t of production. Dyeing is performed either by conventional winch process or by advanced soft flow reactor process. Hypochlorite, the commonly used bleaching chemical is being gradually phased out by alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution that generates less effluent and fewer solids in the effluents. Coloring of yarn/cloth takes place in the presence of high concentration of sodium chloride or sodium sulphate (25–75 kg/m3) in dye solutions. Dye bath wastewaters and wash waters are the process effluents of dyeing industry which are collected separately or together and follow the advanced treatment for maximum recycling of recovered waters. Dye bath water after treating by sand and nanofiltrations (NF), the permeate is used in process for dye bath preparation and the reject of about 20–30% is sent to multi effect evaporator (MEE)/solar evaporation pond (SEP). Wash waters treated using a sequence of physicochemical and biological unit processes are passed into two stages reverse osmosis (RO) membrane systems and then the permeate is reused in the processes. The rejects about 15–20% of the inlet volume is subject either to nanofiltration for salt recovery or sent to evaporators. The final rejects from nanofilter systems is directed to multi effect evaporator system where condensed waters are recovered. The removal of total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride and sodium are in the range of 80–97%, 91–97%, 76–97% and 96%, respectively. Multiple effect evaporators out flows of about 2–3% of the effluent volume are allowed for solar evaporation and the solids are disposed off. The cost of operation of MEE is about INR 400/m3 of the rejects. The cost of water recovery is about INR 60–80/m3 including commissioning and maintenance whereas price of raw-water in Tirupur is about INR 100/m3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of a low-pressure nanofiltration membrane for treating recycled water for indirect potable water reuse applications found the selectivity of NF membranes in removing organic solutes present in wastewater effluents at the parts-per-trillion level may be beneficial for brine disposal strategies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, both daily air/water cleaning (AWC) and daily copper sulphate dosing (CSD) were investigated and compared to a reference without daily cleaning, which was considered very successful in controlling particulate fouling and biofouling.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the principles for an optimised combination and the detailed economics of this solution and the first plant in the world using the combined technologies was commissioned in May 2006.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of boron-selective ion exchange resins containing N -methyl glucamine groups, as Diaion CRB 02 and Dowex XUS 43594.00, were compared.
Abstract: Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process is an efficient and reliable membrane technology for the production of drinking water from seawater. However, some serious limitations had recently been discovered during the field practice. Boron problem is one of them. According to the WHO regulations, the boron concentration should be lower than 0.5 mg/L in drinking water. It is still difficult to reduce boron level to 0.5 mg/L or lower with the conventional reverse osmosis desalination plants equipped with commercially available RO membranes. Therefore, more efficient separation technologies are needed for boron removal. In this study, the performance of the boron-selective ion exchange resins containing N -methyl glucamine groups, as Diaion CRB 02 and Dowex XUS 43594.00, have been tested for boron removal from model seawater. The kinetic performances of these resins were compared. The kinetic data obtained were evaluated using Lagergren pseudo-first-order and second-order models. Also, the process kinetics were predicted by using diffusion models. In addition, column-mode tests have been carried out for boron removal from model seawater.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the chlorine resistance of polyamides synthesized using various diamines and acid chlorides, and the retention ratio of molecular weight and the polymer weight loss after the immersion in chlorine solution were used as the evaluation for chlorine resistance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a coagulation-adsorption-nanofiltration approach was used for the production of potable water from pesticide contaminated lake and river water by using various adsorbents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A range of inorganic membranes with pore size ranging from 0.3 to 500nm are developed and related to separation and transport performance and the non-osmotic set-up for in organic membranes is therefore a viable technology for desalination.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical review of the current state of research on the use of membrane filtration for manure concentration and treatment can be found in this article, where the authors present a critical review.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new technique for the recovery of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from seawater has been developed by combining electrodialysis and reverse osmosis, achieving DOC recoveries exceeding 60% and even exceeding 90% for one seawater sample.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that planning and monitoring stages are critical aspects of successful management and operation of plants and should recommend ongoing monitoring with devices attached to structures installed during construction of plants.
Abstract: This Critical Review on environmental concerns of desalination plants suggests that planning and monitoring stages are critical aspects of successful management and operation of plants. The site for the desalination plants should be selected carefully and should be away from residential areas particularly for forward planning for possible future expansions. The concerning issues identified are noise pollution, visual pollution, reduction in recreational fishing and swimming areas, emission of materials into the atmosphere, the brine discharge and types of disposal methods used are the main cause of pollution. The reverse osmosis (RO) method is the preferred option in modern times especially when fossil fuels are becoming expensive. The RO has other positives such as better efficiency (30–50%) when compared with distillation type plants (10–30%). However, the RO membranes are susceptible to fouling and scaling and as such they need to be cleaned with chemicals regularly that may be toxic to receiving waters. The input and output water in desalination plants have to be pre and post treated, respectively. This involves treating for pH, coagulants, Cl, Cu, organics, CO2, H2S and hypoxia. The by-product of the plant is mainly brine with concentration at times twice that of seawater. This discharge also includes traces of various chemicals used in cleaning including any anticorrosion products used in the plant and has to be treated to acceptable levels of each chemical before discharge but acceptable levels vary depending on receiving waters and state regulations. The discharge of the brine is usually done by a long pipe far into the sea or at the coastline. Either way the high density of the discharge reaches the bottom layers of receiving waters and may affect marine life particularly at the bottom layers or boundaries. The longer term effects of such discharge concentrate has not been documented but it is possible that small traces of toxic substances used in the cleaning of RO membranes may be harmful to marine life and ecosystem. The plants require saline water and thus the construction of input and discharge output piping is vital. The piping are often lengthy and underground as it is in Tugun (QLD, Australia), passing below the ground. Leakage of the concentrate via cracks in rocks to aquifers is a concern and therefore appropriate monitoring quality is needed. Leakage monitoring devices ought to be attached to such piping during installation. The initial environment impact assessment should identify key parameters for monitoring during discharge processes and should recommend ongoing monitoring with devices attached to structures installed during construction of plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) characterization analysis was used to elucidate mechanisms of organic matter fouling on a commercial, polyamide composite RO membrane.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an innovative membrane distillation and liquid-phase precipitation (LPP) technology was developed for the selective removal of sulfate from seawater before injection, which can be injected safely in oil fields for flooding and pressure support.