Showing papers on "Reverse osmosis published in 2022"
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the effects of substrate pore structure and chemistry on the water permeance, selectivity, and fouling performance of the resulting TFC membranes.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive review of the effects of substrate pore structure and chemistry on the water permeance, selectivity, and fouling performance of the resulting TFC membranes is presented.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed to use renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc. to make the MLD/ZLD systems more eco-friendly and carbon-neutral.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an extensive list of various membrane methods for heavy metal removal from the literature has been compiled, including ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis.
Abstract: The global increasing contamination of water resources with toxic heavy metals poses severe threats to human health and aqueous ecosystem. Therefore, it is of high significance to develop low-cost, feasible, and sustainable technologies for the heavy metal removal from wastewater. The membrane separation method possesses some of its great properties, such as high efficiency, easy operation and low space requirements, which has been considered as a promising method for heavy metal removal. In this review, an extensive list of various membrane methods for heavy metal removal from the literature has been compiled. This study reviews the latest developments, discoveries, and prospective applications related to ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis, with an in-depth focus on heavy metal removal. Furthermore, the present review offers a summary and outlook on the opportunities and challenges in the membrane filtration field. Overall, it was found that membrane filtration methods have a promising potential for the practical applications for heavy metal removal.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an ultraselective polyamide (PA) membrane was developed by enhancing interfacial polymerization with amphiphilic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoflakes.
Abstract: While reverse osmosis (RO) is the leading technology to address the global challenge of water scarcity through desalination and potable reuse of wastewater, current RO membranes fall short in rejecting certain harmful constituents from seawater (e.g., boron) and wastewater [e.g., N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)]. In this study, we develop an ultraselective polyamide (PA) membrane by enhancing interfacial polymerization with amphiphilic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoflakes. These MOF nanoflakes horizontally align at the water/hexane interface to accelerate the transport of diamine monomers across the interface and retain gas bubbles and heat of the reaction in the interfacial reaction zone. These mechanisms synergistically lead to the formation of a crumpled and ultrathin PA nanofilm with an intrinsic thickness of ~5 nm and a high cross-linking degree of ~98%. The resulting PA membrane delivers exceptional desalination performance that is beyond the existing upper bound of permselectivity and exhibited very high rejection (>90%) of boron and NDMA unmatched by state-of-the-art RO membranes.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate a facile and versatile approach to tune the nanoscale homogeneity of polyamide-based thin-film composite membranes via inorganic salt-mediated interfacial polymerization process.
Abstract: Thin-film composite membranes formed by conventional interfacial polymerization generally suffer from the depth heterogeneity of the polyamide layer, i.e., nonuniformly distributed free volume pores, leading to the inefficient permselectivity. Here, we demonstrate a facile and versatile approach to tune the nanoscale homogeneity of polyamide-based thin-film composite membranes via inorganic salt-mediated interfacial polymerization process. Molecular dynamics simulations and various characterization techniques elucidate in detail the underlying molecular mechanism by which the salt addition confines and regulates the diffusion of amine monomers to the water-oil interface and thus tunes the nanoscale homogeneity of the polyamide layer. The resulting thin-film composite membranes with thin, smooth, dense, and structurally homogeneous polyamide layers demonstrate a permeance increment of ~20-435% and/or solute rejection enhancement of ~10-170% as well as improved antifouling property for efficient reverse/forward osmosis and nanofiltration separations. This work sheds light on the tunability of the polyamide layer homogeneity via salt-regulated interfacial polymerization process.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes the operative principle of MDCs, the most common MDC cells configurations, and describes the variables that influence their performance in light of full-scale applications.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes the operative principle of MDCs, the most common MDC cells configurations, and describes the variables that influence their performance in light of full-scale applications.
50 citations
TL;DR: The Membrane Distillation crystallization (MDCr) is an emerging hybrid technology synergising membrane distillation and crystallization, thus achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of wastewater containing very high dissolved solids.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on recent advances in Membrane distillation crystallization (MDCr), emphasizing models that account for application in (waste)water treatment.
49 citations
TL;DR: The user-sourced, open-access database may be used to benchmark novel RO membranes against the state of the art, conduct meta-analyses, and develop synthesis–structure–performance relationships, each of which will be critical to advancing membrane development.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a concise and yet comprehensive review of the membrane processes used to desalt saline water, and the successes and failures of each process are critically reviewed, while capital expenditure and OPEX of these water desalination processes are reviewed and compared.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide a concise and yet comprehensive review of the membrane processes used to desalt saline water, and the successes and failures of each process are critically reviewed, while the CAPEX and OPEX of these water desalination processes are reviewed and compared.
TL;DR: In this paper , a comprehensive review of the recent developments of reverse osmosis plants considering all the aforementioned parameters is presented, including specific energy consumption, freshwater cost, thermal efficiencies, configurations, water recovery factors, and water quality.
TL;DR: The Open Membrane Database (OMD) as discussed by the authors is a growing database of over 600 water purification and desalination membranes that are sourced from peer-reviewed journals, patents, and commercial product data.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an in-depth assessment of the various operational parameters and electrode materials used during the electrocoagulation treatment of wastewater, which can significantly reduce the total energy usage, while also improving the quality of treated water.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate a facile and versatile approach to tune the nanoscale homogeneity of polyamide-based thin-film composite membranes via inorganic salt-mediated interfacial polymerization process.
Abstract: Thin-film composite membranes formed by conventional interfacial polymerization generally suffer from the depth heterogeneity of the polyamide layer, i.e., nonuniformly distributed free volume pores, leading to the inefficient permselectivity. Here, we demonstrate a facile and versatile approach to tune the nanoscale homogeneity of polyamide-based thin-film composite membranes via inorganic salt-mediated interfacial polymerization process. Molecular dynamics simulations and various characterization techniques elucidate in detail the underlying molecular mechanism by which the salt addition confines and regulates the diffusion of amine monomers to the water-oil interface and thus tunes the nanoscale homogeneity of the polyamide layer. The resulting thin-film composite membranes with thin, smooth, dense, and structurally homogeneous polyamide layers demonstrate a permeance increment of ~20-435% and/or solute rejection enhancement of ~10-170% as well as improved antifouling property for efficient reverse/forward osmosis and nanofiltration separations. This work sheds light on the tunability of the polyamide layer homogeneity via salt-regulated interfacial polymerization process.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors introduce sources of hypersaline brines, examine factors driving high-salinity desalination, and present the thermodynamic minimum energy of hypersalinization and zero liquid discharge (ZLD), highlighting effects of mineral precipitation and imperfect salt rejection.
TL;DR: In this paper , a mini-review of the rejection mechanisms of nanofiltration (NF) membrane is presented, which is a combination of various rejection mechanisms such as steric hindrance, electric exclusion, dielectric effect, and hydration mechanism.
Abstract: The toxicity of heavy metals can cause water pollution and has harmful effects on human health and the environment. Various methods are used to overcome this pressing issue and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Membrane filtration technology such as nanofiltration (NF) produces high quality water and has a very small footprint, which results in lower energy usage. Nanofiltration is a membrane-based separation technique based on the reverse osmosis separation process developed in the 1980s. NF membranes have a pore size of 1 nm and molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 300 to 500 Da. The properties of NF membranes are unique since the surface charge of the membranes is dependent on the functional groups of the membrane. The rejection mechanism of NF membrane is unique as it is a combination of various rejection mechanisms such as steric hindrance, electric exclusion, dielectric effect, and hydration mechanism. However, these mechanisms have not been studied in-depth due to their complexity. There are also many factors contributing to the rejection of NF membrane. Many junior researchers would face difficulty in studying NF membrane. Therefore, this paper is designed for researchers new to the field, and will briefly review the rejection mechanisms of NF membrane by both sieving and non-sieving separation processes. This mini-review aims to provide new researchers with a general understanding of the concept of the separation process of charged membranes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors comprehensively review, analyzes and elucidates TOrC rejection mechanisms by characterizing key rejection-governing solute parameters for fully-aromatic polyamide-based tight RO/NF membranes.
TL;DR: In this paper , a 2D-MOF nanosheets were used for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination using an interfacial polymerization strategy on the surface of polysulfone (PSF) substrate with embedded ultrasonically exfoliated nickel-based nanosheet in the selective layer.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors describe state-of-the-art theory for both processes, focusing on simple examples that are helpful for the non-specialist and for classroom teaching.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review mainly focuses on the toxicology effects of Disinfectant by-products and various approaches to mitigate the same, including reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, and nanofiltration.
TL;DR: In this paper , a pressure-assisted polydopamine (PDA) coating method was employed to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by tuning the inner structure of membranes with the aid of applying a hydraulic pressure during the PDA modification.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors comprehensively review, analyzes and elucidates TOrC rejection mechanisms by characterizing key rejection-governing solute parameters for fully-aromatic polyamide-based tight RO/NF membranes (MWCO ≤ 200 Da).
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide comprehensive and state-of-the-art knowledge and insights of technologies for chloride removal. But, the remaining challenges of method explorations and material developments were stated to provide guidelines for future development of chloride removal technologies.
TL;DR: In this paper , an eco-friendly surface modification technique based on plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) was used to deposit hydrophilic acrylic acid (AA) onto the polyamide (PA) surface of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane with the aims of simultaneously minimizing the PA surface defects caused by nanomaterials incorporation and improving the membrane surface hydrophilicity for reverse osmosis (RO) application.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed the studies on the desalination systems utilizing wind energy and concluded that wind turbines can be considered to supply the required power of desalinations in a clean and efficient way.
Abstract: Desalination has gained significant importance in recent decades especially in arid regions such as MENA. There are different technologies for desalination such as thermal, electrodialysis and Reverse Osmosis (RO); however, RO is currently among the most attractive and widely used technology. Utilizing renewable energy systems for supplying the required power of RO or electrodialysis desalinations is beneficial in terms of environmental and applicability for remote areas, and has attracted attention in recent decades. In the present review article, studies on the desalination systems utilizing wind energy are reviewed. According to the findings, it can be concluded that wind turbines can be considered to supply the required power of desalinations in a clean and efficient way. In addition, by applying hybrid systems composed of wind turbines, the reliability of the systems can be improved and the issues related to the intermittent nature of wind could be resolved. Cost effectiveness of hybrid energy systems is dependent on the configuration of the systems and case studies. Lastly, several recommendations are advised for the upcoming studies in the relevant fields of science.
TL;DR: In this article, the UV/chloramine photolysis process has been thoroughly reviewed in real-world practice, emphasizing the need for extensive efforts to remove currently prevalent knowledge roadblocks.