Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the most representative research activities conducted to prevent membrane fouling and highlighted alternative routes to discarded end-of-life-membranes in order to prevent the uncontrolled disposal of fouled membranes in landfills.
116 citations
Patent•
13 Sep 2005TL;DR: In this article, a process and system for purifying water is described, where an ion exchange takes place between the divalent salt and another salt, such as a monovalent salt to produce two concentrated salt streams that contain salts having greater solubility in water than the Divalent salt.
Abstract: A process and system for purifying water is disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, the process may be used to remove a divalent salt, such as calcium sulfate, from a water source in order to prevent the divalent salt from precipitating during the process. The water source, for instance, may be fed to an ion separating device, such as an electrodialysis device. In the electrodialysis device, an ion exchange takes place between the divalent salt and another salt, such as a monovalent salt to produce two concentrated salt streams that contain salts having greater solubility in water than the divalent salt. In one embodiment, the two salt streams that are produced may then be combined to precipitate the divalent salt in a controlled manner. During the process, various other components contained within the water feed stream may also be removed from the stream and converted into useful products. In one particular embodiment, the process is configured to receive a byproduct stream from a reverse osmosis process.
116 citations
Patent•
01 Aug 2003TL;DR: In this paper, the use of univalent anion and univalent cation selective membranes in the electrodialysis unit (300), the addition of a nanofiltration unit to process the diluate from the EDS unit (200) and the operation of the SDS unit at an elevated pressure.
Abstract: Sodium chloride and purified water are recovered by treating salt water that contains sodium chloride with an integrated reverse osmosis (200) and electrodialysis (300) system, which includes an efficiency-enhancing feature that is one or more of the following: the use of univalent anion and univalent cation selective membranes in the electrodialysis unit (300); the addition of a nanofiltration unit to process the diluate from the electrodialysis unit (300); or operation of the electrodialysis unit (300) at an elevated pressure. Magnesium and bromine can optionally be produced when the salt water contains these materials.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential use of a nanofiltration membrane for rejection of heavy metal ions such as Ni2+ from wastewater from Ni-P electroless plating industry was studied.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thin-film composite (TFC) seawater reverse osmosis membrane was developed by the interfacial polymerization of 5-chloroformyloxyisophthaloyl chloride (CFIC) and metaphenylenediamine (MPD) on the polysulphone supporting membrane.
116 citations