Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a scenario study on a promising RO-PRO hybrid system to alleviate water and energy demands and found that RO plays a dominant role in determining the WERR value.
110 citations
TL;DR: Treatment to the level of ultrafiltration was more than adequate to produce a water quality meeting existing worldwide reclaimed water guidelines for toilet flushing, and no significant microbiological growth was observed in the reclaimed water distribution system during the year.
110 citations
TL;DR: RO membranes in a full-scale municipal wastewater reclamation plant were autopsied and both of organic and inorganic matters on membranes reduced gradually from the lead to tail position RO membranes in RO system, which was contrast with some other researches.
110 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that THMs in source water of Pearl River could be effectively reduced when pollution of human activity is greatly controlled.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, current and recent advances in polymeric and nano-enhanced membrane development for reverse osmosis have been reported in terms of membrane performance and fouling, and the choice of membrane materials for future RO processes would depend largely on the required permselectivity and the targeted foulants.
Abstract: In this paper, current and recent advances in polymeric and nano-enhanced membrane development for reverse osmosis have been reported in terms of membrane performance and fouling. Graphene, zeolites, carbon nanotubes, silica, silver, and titanium dioxide are the predominantly tested nanoparticles in current and recent investigations. Membranes from graphene, zeolites, and carbon nanotubes have all been shown to enhance membrane water permeability. Silica has been observed to exhibit high affinity for water and improve the hydrophilicity of RO membranes. Silver and titanium dioxide have strong antimicrobial properties and can be included in RO membranes to reduce biofouling. However, the use of nanomembranes for commercial and industrial RO applications is still under development as their scalability is still a challenge. Polymeric membranes, such as cellulose acetate and polyamide, and their integration with other polymers or nanoparticles have also been presented in this paper. Overall, the choice of membrane materials for future RO processes would depend largely on the required permselectivity and the targeted foulants. However, membrane performance and antifouling features would have to be taken into consideration for sustainability of the type of RO membrane desired for a specific application.
109 citations