Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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TL;DR: Characterise organic compounds in RO concentrates (ROC) and treated ROC (by coagulation, adsorption, and advanced oxidation) from two full-scale plants, assessing the diversity and treatability of colour and organic compounds containing nitrogen.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a glance at the fluid effluents analysis-data from two MSF plants and two RO plants around the Arabian Gulf compared-against the Standard of Industrial Effluents limits for the Kingdom of Bahrain, and attempt to highlight the invisible dangers of desalination fluid-effluents.
107 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the main membrane-assisted processes that can be used for the removal of toxic inorganic anions from drinking water supplies is provided in this article, with a focus on integrated process solutions, including the emerging issue of membrane bioreactors.
Abstract: This paper is designed to provide an overview of the main membrane-assisted processes that can be used for the removal of toxic inorganic anions from drinking water supplies. The emphasis has been placed on integrated process solutions, including the emerging issue of membrane bioreactors. An attempt is made to compare critically recently reported results, reveal the best existing membrane technologies and identify the most promising integrated membrane bio/processes currently being under investigation. Selected examples are discussed in each case with respect to their advantages and limitations compared to conventional methods for removal of anionic pollutants. The use of membranes is particularly attractive for separating ions between two liquid phases (purified and concentrated water streams) because many of the difficulties associated with precipitation, coagulation or adsorption and phase separation can be avoided. Therefore, membrane technologies are already successfully used on large-scale for removal of inorganic anions such as nitrate, fluoride, arsenic species, etc. The concentrated brine discharge and/or treatment, however, can be problematic in many cases. Membrane bioreactors allow for complete depollution but water quality, insufficiently stable process operation, and economical reasons still limit their wider application in drinking water treatment. The development of more efficient membranes, the design of cost-effective operating conditions, especially long-term operations without or with minimal membrane inorganic and/or biological fouling, and reduction of the specific energy consumption requirements are the major challenges.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used membrane technology (ultrafiltration and reverses osmosis) coupled with coagulation/flocculation as pretreatment to reclaim drinking water from POME.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed how RO membrane element performance affects the cost of RO processes, especially the specific energy consumption, and proposed closed-circuit RO and batch RO processes.
106 citations