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Reverse osmosis

About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a solution-diffusion model for the cellulose acetate-water-inorganic salt system and applied it to describe the reverse osmosis process.
Abstract: It has been widely recognized for many years that gases, vapors, liquids, and solutes permeate through non-porous polymer membranes by a solution-diffusion mechanism1–5. However, it was only ten years ago that it was first proposed6 that reverse osmosis might be quantitively described by this mechanistic model. The solution-diffusion model first published by Lonsdale, Merten and Riley6 has been applied with considerable success to describe a variety of systems but the cellulose acetate-water-inorganic salt system has received most attention due to its importance in desalination. It is widely accepted that this model not only describes the process of reverse osmosis but also represents an accurate mechanism in those cases where the membrane structure is truly dense, i. e. non-porous, with no imperfections - this condition refers only to the “active layer” in Loeb-type6 membranes.

77 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a MFI-type zeolite membrane was developed on a tubular α-alumina substrate by a combined rubbing and secondary hydrothermal growth method.

77 citations

Patent
25 Jun 1984
TL;DR: A water purification system for a conventional supply of tap water and dispensing a predetermined quantity of processed water into a user-supplied container in response to the deposit of a predetermined value of specie, coin, or token as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A water purification system for purifying water from a conventional supply of tap water and dispensing a predetermined quantity of processed water into a user-supplied container in response to the deposit of a predetermined value of specie, coin, or token. The system includes a first purified water path and a second drinking water path. The first purified water path includes a reverse osmosis filter, a tank, and an afterfilter coupled between a prefilter and an ultraviolet disinfecting apparatus. The second path is substantially in parallel with the first path and includes a polishing filter. Manually operated switches can be used to select either drinking water of purified water and timing means are provided to insure that a predetermined quantity of water is supplied from the dispensing means into the user-supplied container. Valves are used to operate the first path for purified water, and the second path for a limited time followed by the first path for a longer time for better tasting drinking water. The system also includes a detector for sensing improperly processed water from the reverse osmosis filter and a diverter for sending improperly processed water to a sump. The ultraviolet disinfecting system or apparatus includes a hollow plastic housing with a lamp mounted therein. The lamp is wrapped in plastic and an annular space between the outer surface of the lamp and the inner surface of the housing provides a flow path for the purified water during which time disinfecting takes place prior to dispensing.

77 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
N.P. Isaias1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline the pretreatment steps involved in preparing the water to enter the RO membranes, with particular emphasis on filtration, which is considered the heart of the pre-treatment process.

77 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted using a submerged membrane-filtration/granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption hybrid system to remove organic micropollutants from a water treatment plant ROC by initially adding 10g GAC /L of membrane reactor volume with 10% daily GAC replacement.

76 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023553
20221,099
2021636
2020782
20191,087
20181,331