Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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75 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that re-injection of reject water underground may offer a safe disposal option and a possible safe discharge of the reverse osmosis concentrate into an abandoned well was studied.
75 citations
TL;DR: DBP-associated calculated toxicity increased for certain blends in this system due to the DBPs resulting from the combination of the elevated bromide concentration in the permeate and the organic precursors from the raw coastal groundwater, and reverse osmosis treatment of saline groundwater can reduce DBP formation by removing halides and organic precurors.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the nascent stages of flux decline and scale formation during the filtration of calcium carbonate scale constituents were monitored in situ as process recovery increased from 0 to 87% using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).
75 citations
TL;DR: Among the tested nanofiltration membranes, HL membrane from GE Osmonics has the highest lactose retention (97 ± 1%).
Abstract: The processes of lactic acid production include two key stages, which are (a) fermentation and (b) product recovery. In this study, free cell of Bifidobacterium longum was used to produce lactic acid from cheese whey. The produced lactic acid was then separated and purified from the fermentation broth using combination of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 100–400 Da was used to separate lactic acid from lactose and cells in the cheese whey fermentation broth in the first step. The obtained permeate from the above nanofiltration is mainly composed of lactic acid and water, which was then concentrated with a reverse osmosis membrane in the second step. Among the tested nanofiltration membranes, HL membrane from GE Osmonics has the highest lactose retention (97 ± 1%). In the reverse osmosis process, the ADF membrane could retain 100% of lactic acid to obtain permeate with water only. The effect of membrane and pressure on permeate flux and retention of lactose/lactic acid was also reported in this paper.
75 citations