Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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TL;DR: A portable reverse osmosis (RO) system was constructed and used to concentrate dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the Suwannee River in southeastern Georgia as mentioned in this paper, where a very high percentage of DOM was recovered, which indicates minimal fractionation of the original sample.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a water-permeable polymer coating on the performance and fouling of high-flux (ESPA1 and ESPA3) and low-fluency (SWC4) polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were investigated.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review on the traditional techniques and recent advances in the separation of phenol from its contaminated streams is carried out, and the most commonly used methods classified based on the phenol concentrations (high, medium, and low), and also, their advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in the design of industrial wastewater treatment systems are discussed.
Abstract: The toxicity of phenol even at low concentrations in industrial effluents is high enough to meet its needs for separation. In this paper, a review will be carried out on the traditional techniques and recent advances in the separation of phenol from its contaminated streams. The most commonly used methods classified based on the phenol concentrations (high, medium, and low), and also, their advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in the design of industrial wastewater treatment systems will be discussed. Finally, the best methods will be suggested for each concentration range at the influent and, of course, that is allowable in the final effluent. The survey results recommended that biodegradation, chemical, electrochemical, and photocatalytic oxidation, solid phase extraction, ozonation, reverse osmosis/nanofiltration, and wet air oxidation are useful methods in low phenol concentrations, whereas liquid–liquid extraction, pervaporation, membrane-based solvent extraction, adsorption...
281 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated forward and reverse osmosis process for seawater desalination for agricultural irrigation is proposed. But, the proposed method is limited in part because of high costs and energy consumption.
280 citations
TL;DR: Insight is provided into synthesis approaches and structural properties of recent reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes which are used to retain dissolved species such as heavy metals, electrolytes, and inorganic salts in various aqueous solutions.
Abstract: Sustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied technologies for water purification. Polymeric membranes such as cellulose-based (CA) membranes and thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have dominated the industry since 1980. Although further development of polymeric membranes for better performance is laborious, the research findings and sustained progress in inorganic membrane development have grown fast and solve some remaining problems. In addition to conventional ceramic metal oxide membranes, membranes prepared by graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and mixed matrix materials (MMMs) have attracted enormous attention due to their desirable properties such as tunable pore structure, excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal tolerance, good salt rejection and/or high water permeability. This review provides insight into synthesis approaches and structural properties of recent reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes which are used to retain dissolved species such as heavy metals, electrolytes, and inorganic salts in various aqueous solutions. A specific focus has been placed on introducing and comparing water purification performance of different classes of polymeric and ceramic membranes in related water treatment industries. Furthermore, the development challenges and research opportunities of organic and inorganic membranes are discussed and the further perspectives are analyzed.
279 citations