Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the recent developments of reverse osmosis (RO) TFC membrane and its challenges in seawater desalination process with respect to fouling problem, boron rejection and chlorine attack.
272 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the literature and summarized relevant methods, mechanisms and novel developments which improve the performance of the reverse osmosis (RO) systems when coupled with either conventional or non-conventional pretreatment units.
272 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a series of crosslinked PEG-based hydrogels were synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as the crosslinker and poly(methylenesyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylated, or acrylic acid as comonomers.
268 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the potential of ultra-permeable membranes (UPMs) to improve the performance and cost of reverse osmosis (RO) plants.
Abstract: In the face of growing water scarcity, it is critical to understand the potential of saltwater desalination as a long-term water supply option. Recent studies have highlighted the promise of new membrane materials that could desalinate water while exhibiting far greater permeability than conventional reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, but the question remains whether higher permeability can translate into significant reductions in the cost of desalinating water. Here, we address a critical question by evaluating the potential of such ultra-permeable membranes (UPMs) to improve the performance and cost of RO. By modeling the mass transport inside RO pressure vessels, we quantify how much a tripling in the water permeability of a membrane would reduce the energy consumption or the number of required pressure vessels for a given RO plant. We find that a tripling in permeability would allow for 44% fewer pressure vessels or 15% less energy for a seawater RO plant with a given capacity and recovery ratio. Moreover, a tripling in permeability would result in 63% fewer pressure vessels or 46% less energy for brackish water RO. However, we also find that the energy savings of UPMs exhibit a law of diminishing returns due to thermodynamics and concentration polarization at the membrane surface.
268 citations
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TL;DR: Results show that nanofiltration is sufficient to eliminate refractory COD, the permeates have a COD lower than the requirements for discharge.
267 citations