Reverse osmosis

TL;DR: A novel, facile procedure for loading Ag-NPs on thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis membranes, with strong imparted antibacterial activity, which highlights the potential of this method in real-world RO membrane applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical concentration polarization model was developed to enable local description of permeate flux and solute rejection in cross-flow reverse osmosis separations, and predictions of channel averaged water flux and salt rejection by the developed numerical model, the classical film theory model, and a recently proposed analytical model were compared to well-controlled laboratory scale experimental data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of applying reverse osmosis (RO) membrane separation to reduce fluoride load to less than 1 kg/d was investigated, and the design parameters of a small RO separation unit were estimated.

TL;DR: In this paper, an impact assessment tool is developed for the environmental evaluation of potable water production, and the main source of impacts is shown to be electricity production for plant operation, and improvement levers are presented for impact reduction and for the objective comparison between alternative and conventional water treatment processes.

TL;DR: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a pressure-driven membrane process which has been widely applied and recognized as the leading technology of desalination process as discussed by the authors, which has led to cost reduction which in turn gaining interest to its commercial applications.