Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a FilmTec FT30 membrane as a reverse osmosis membrane and a synthetic emulsion using an Iranian crude oil have been employed to investigate the mechanism of flux decline.
182 citations
TL;DR: The results of two pilot studies of an immersed membrane activated sludge process are presented in this paper, which involves coupling a bioreactor with effluent separation by microfiltration hollow fibres immersed directly in the bioreactors.
182 citations
TL;DR: A new experimental protocol is introduced that accounts for membrane deformation in a spacer-filled channel to determine the membrane properties (A, B, and S) and it is shown that at high pressures feed spacers block the permeation of water through the membrane area in contact with the spacer, thereby reducing overall water flux.
Abstract: This article analyzes the influence of feed channel spacers on the performance of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Unlike forward osmosis (FO), an important feature of PRO is the application of hydraulic pressure on the high salinity (draw solution) side to retard the permeating flow for energy conversion. We report the first observation of membrane deformation under the action of the high hydraulic pressure on the feed channel spacer and the resulting impact on membrane performance. Because of this observation, reverse osmosis and FO tests that are commonly used for measuring membrane transport properties (water and salt permeability coefficients, A and B, respectively) and the structural parameter (S) can no longer be considered appropriate for use in PRO analysis. To accurately predict the water flux as a function of applied hydraulic pressure difference and the resulting power density in PRO, we introduced a new experimental protocol that accounts for membrane deformation in a spacer-filled channel to...
182 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of these parameters on brackish water, previously subjected to a desalination stage, is analyzed and the results show an increase in the rejection of boron at pH values of 9.5 and above.
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the salinity level of wastewater varied from 9.8 to 61.2 µm (1 µm/m = 640 mg/L) and various disposal methods were observed.
181 citations