Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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Patent•
01 Sep 2000
TL;DR: In this article, a cost-effective process for separating contaminants and a wide range of fouling material from surface water, ground water and from industrial effluents is proposed, where cationic inorganic and/or polymeric flocculants are used to coagulate and focculate the water-borne colloidal matter (e.g. clays, iron hydroxides, naturally occurring matter (NOM's), followed by filtration using a multi-media filter, charge neutralization and reversal and final filtraction using a 5-
Abstract: This invention discloses a cost-effective process for separating contaminants and a wide-range of fouling material from surface water, ground water and from industrial effluents. Having undergone effective pre-treatment, the water can be purified further by using high-surface area spirally wound micro-filtration (MF), ultra-filtration (UF), nano-filtration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. High-quality potable water free from pathogen and other contaminants is thus produced at low-cost from the pre-treated surface water and ground-water. Conversely, pre-treated industrial effluents are further purified at a relatively low-cost using NF or RO membranes, thus producing water suitable for recycle or surface discharge. The process of this invention uses cationic inorganic and/or polymeric flocculants to coagulate and flocculate the water-borne colloidal matter (e.g. clays, iron hydroxides, naturally occurring matter (NOM's), etc.), followed by filtration using a multi-media filter, charge neutralization and reversal and final filtration using a 5-micron cartridge filter. These pre-treatment steps provides a good quality water having a low Silt Density Index and a significant negative zeta potential, thereby ensuring against irreversible chemical fouling of the spirally-wound membranes.
162 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an omniphobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane by electrospinning and CF 4 plasma surface modification for air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) was investigated.
162 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically investigated membrane fouling by organic foulants in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process and its effect on PRO power density, and found that significant alginate fouling occurred when the draw solution (DS) contained large quantities of divalent cations.
161 citations
TL;DR: A two-stage reverse osmosis (RO) process for high water recovery (up to 95%) desalination of Colorado River water was evaluated and demonstrated at the pilot scale.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the concentration of 1/3 diluted skimmed milk (chemical oxygen demand, COD ≈ 36 g O2/L) to about 1/1 milk (volume reduction factor, VRF 3), with nine nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes by dead-end filtration.
161 citations