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Reverse osmosis

About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the three thermal desalination processes are discussed with focus on design, energy, and economic aspects, including performance ratio, specific heat transfer area, and system dimensions.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biofouling of reverse-osmosis membranes was investigated at an advanced wastewater treatment facility and electron microscopy revealed that the biofilm on the feedwater surface of the membrane was 10 to 20 microns thick and was composed of several layers of compacted bacterial cells.
Abstract: Biofouling of reverse-osmosis membranes was investigated at an advanced wastewater treatment facility. Cellulose diacetate membranes operated for approximately 4,000 h became uniformly coated with a mucilaginous fouling layer. The fouling material was approximately 93% water by weight, and nearly 90% of the dehydrated residue was organic in composition. Calcium, phosphorous, sulfur, and chlorine were the major inorganic constituents detected. Protein and carbohydrate represented as much as 30 and 17%, respectively, of the dry weight of the biofilm. Bacteriological plate counts indicated up to 5.6 X 10(6) CFU/cm2 of membrane surface. Accumulation of [3H]glucose in the biofilm and measurement of ATP indicated that the fouling bacteria were metabolically active in situ. The genus Acinetobacter and the Flavobacterium-Moraxella group were the major generic groups associated with the feedwater surface of the membrane, whereas species of the generic groups Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas-Alcaligenes, and Bacillus-Lactobacillus predominated on the permeate water surface. Electron microscopy revealed that the biofilm on the feedwater surface of the membrane was 10 to 20 microns thick and was composed of several layers of compacted bacterial cells, many of which were partially or completely autolyzed. The bacteria were firmly attached to the membrane surface by an extensive network of extracellular polymeric fibrils. Polyester (Texlon) support fibers located on the permeate surface of the reverse osmosis membranes were sparsely colonized, suggesting bacterial regrowth in the product water collection system.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of electrodialysis (ED) on the reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate to reduce the volume of salty water discharge and to improve the overall water recovery to produce infiltration water for groundwater recharge is investigated.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Salt cleaning appears to be an effective cleaning method, and may prove useful for membrane-based advanced wastewater reclamation, where a large fraction of the organic foulants is hydrophilic.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) system between pure water and concentrated brine was used for salinity power generation using hollow fiber modules, which achieved the maximum output power density of 7.7 W/m2 at a 2.5 MPa hydraulic pressure difference and 38% permeation of pure water into the brine.
Abstract: Salinity power generation using hollow fiber modules was examined using the pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) system between pure water and concentrated brine. Pure water and concentrated brine were supplied from a regional sewage treatment facility and sea water desalination (sea water reverse osmosis [SWRO]) plant. To minimize the effect of the concentration polarization near the membrane surface on the pure water side, the number of open ports in the module was increased from 3 to 4 and that modification was found to be effective because non-permeating pure water, which left the module through fourth port, flushed leaked salt from the brine side through the membrane. Our prototype PRO plant got the maximum output power density, 7.7 W/m2 at a 2.5 MPa hydraulic pressure difference and a 38% permeation of pure water into the brine. To remove the organic foulant in the pure water, a low pressure Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane and coagulation–sedimentation method with ozonation showed good results. Ho...

159 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023553
20221,099
2021636
2020782
20191,087
20181,331