Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a novel treatment approach based on tangential flow membrane filtrations for the selective separation and total recovery of hydroxytyrosol, water and organic substances is presented.
149 citations
TL;DR: Electrochemical oxidation was investigated for the treatment of ROC generated during the reclamation of municipal wastewater effluent, finding that electro-generated chlorine led to the abundant formation of harmful by-products such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids.
149 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a commercially available aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was chemically modified to improve its chlorine resistance and anti-biofouling property by free-radical graft polymerization of 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH) using 2,2′-azobis(isobutyramidine) dihydrochloride as an initiator.
149 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the experience of solar desalination based on the analysis of 79 experimental and design systems worldwide and showed that photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis is technically mature and is economically cost-competitive with other water supply sources for small-scale systems in remote areas.
Abstract: Solar-driven reverse osmosis desalination can potentially break the dependence of conventional desalination on fossil fuels, reduce operational costs, and improve environmental sustainability. The experience with solar desalination is investigated based on the analysis of 79 experimental and design systems worldwide. Our results show that photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis is technically mature and — at unit costs as low as 2–3 US$ m –3 — economically cost-competitive with other water supply sources for small-scale systems in remote areas. Under favourable conditions, hybrid systems with additional renewable or conventional power sources perform as good as or better than photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis. We suggest that in the short-term, solar RO desalination will gain shares in the market of small-scale desalination in remote areas. Concentrating solar power technologies have the highest potential in the medium-term for breakthrough developments in large-scale solar desalination.
148 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new method of fabricating a graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD)-incorporated thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane for reverse osmosis (RO) applications.
Abstract: Graphene-based nanomaterials have opened a new era in the fabrication of novel membranes with outstanding performance. In this study, we propose a new method of fabricating a graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD)-incorporated thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane for reverse osmosis (RO) applications. Inspired by free-standing graphene membranes prepared by vacuum filtration, an aqueous suspension of GOQD/m-phenylenediamine (MPD) was first filtered onto a polysulfone (PSf) substrate to obtain a cushion layer. A GOQD-incorporated polyamide (PA) selective layer was then constructed by interfacial polymerization between MPD and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). This method can easily be scaled up owing to its simple preparation procedures. The newly developed TFN membrane exhibited stable high performance with a flux of 37.5 L m−2 h−1 and a NaCl rejection of 98.8% at 16 bar. Remarkably, this represents a 51.8% increase in permeate flux relative to a GOQD-free TFC membrane without compromising the solute rejection. In addition, the GOQD-incorporated TFN membrane displayed long-term durability over 120 h of RO testing. More importantly, the introduction of GOQD into the TFN membrane resulted in improved antifouling and chlorine resistance properties, which are greatly desired in the membrane desalination and water reclamation processes.
148 citations