Topic
Reverse osmosis
About: Reverse osmosis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20780 publications have been published within this topic receiving 299185 citations. The topic is also known as: RO.
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Patent•
25 Aug 1989
TL;DR: In this article, an interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membrane was proposed for desalination of an aqueous solution, which is useful for the separation of fluid mixtures and solutions.
Abstract: The present invention relates to an interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membrane useful for the separation of fluid mixtures and solutions. In particular, the present invention relates to an aromatic polyamide water permeable membrane containing an amine salt therein, which is useful for desalination of an aqueous solution. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing the membrane.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate reverse osmosis through commonly used polymeric and advanced inorganic nanotube based semipermeable membranes by performing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.
Abstract: We investigate reverse osmosis through commonly used polymeric and advanced inorganic nanotube based semipermeable membranes by performing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations indicate that there is a significantly higher water flux through boron-nitride nanotube (BNNT) and carbon nanotube (CNT) compared to a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pore, and a slightly higher water flux through BNNT as compared to CNT. The calculated permeation coefficient is in reasonable agreement with the theoretical single-file “hopping” model. Potential of mean force analysis indicates that the irregular nature of PMMA pore surface can cause significant localized energy barriers inside the pore, thereby reducing the water flux.
136 citations
TL;DR: Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the properties of an atomic model of an aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane and determine the density and diffusivity of water within the membrane.
Abstract: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to investigate the properties of an atomic model of an aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane. The monomers forming the polymeric membrane are cross-linked progressively on the basis of a heuristic distance criterion during MD simulations until the system interconnectivity reaches completion. Equilibrium MD simulations of the hydrated membrane are then used to determine the density and diffusivity of water within the membrane. Given a 3 MPa pressure differential and a 0.125 μm width membrane, the simulated water flux is calculated to be 1.4 × 10−6 m/s, which is in fair agreement with an experimental flux measurement of 7.7 × 10−6 m/s.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between the RO and FO-RO processes was carried out and the results showed that the RO was lower than FO and the difference in total power consumption was insignificant.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors carried out an extensive economic evaluation of FO-RO hybrid, benchmarked against stand-alone RO system, and demonstrated that improvement in water permeation flux, typically above 30 l·m−2·h−1 for classical water recoveries, is an absolute prerequisite to lower investment costs down to an economically acceptable level.
135 citations