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Showing papers on "Revised NEO Personality Inventory published in 2008"


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2008

1,156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparing the personality profile of tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin users and non-users using the wide spectrum Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality in a diverse community sample highlights the links between drug use and low Conscientiousness.
Abstract: Personality traits are considered risk factors for drug use, and, in turn, the psychoactive substances impact individuals' traits. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in developing treatment approaches that match an individual's personality profile. To advance our knowledge of the role of individual differences in drug use, the present study compares the personality profile of tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin users and non-users using the wide spectrum Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality in a diverse community sample. Participants (N = 1,102; mean age = 57) were part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program in Baltimore, MD, USA. The sample was drawn from a community with a wide range of socio-economic conditions. Personality traits were assessed with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), and psychoactive substance use was assessed with systematic interview. Compared to never smokers, current cigarette smokers score lower on Conscientiousness and higher on Neuroticism. Similar, but more extreme, is the profile of cocaine/heroin users, which score very high on Neuroticism, especially Vulnerability, and very low on Conscientiousness, particularly Competence, Achievement-Striving, and Deliberation. By contrast, marijuana users score high on Openness to Experience, average on Neuroticism, but low on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. In addition to confirming high levels of negative affect and impulsive traits, this study highlights the links between drug use and low Conscientiousness. These links provide insight into the etiology of drug use and have implications for public health interventions.

336 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings point to a neurobiological link between personality risk factors for affective disorder and the serotonergic transmitter system and identify the serotonin 2A receptor as a biomarker for vulnerability to affective disorders.

211 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The assessment of patient dimensional personality traits can assist in the selection and optimization of treatment response for depressed patients.
Abstract: Objective:Effective treatments for major depressive disorder exist, yet some patients fail to respond, or achieve only partial response. One approach to optimizing treatment success is to identify which patients are more likely to respond best to which treatments. The objective of this investigation was to determine if patient personality characteristics are predictive of response to either cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) or pharmacotherapy (PHT).Method:Depressed patients completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, which measures the higher-order domain and lower-order facet traits of the Five-Factor Model of Personality, and were randomized to receive either CBT or PHT.Result:Four personality traits—the higher-order domain neuroticism and 3 lower-order facet traits: trust, straightforwardness, and tendermindedness—were able to distinguish a differential response rate to CBT, compared with PHT.Conclusion:The assessment of patient dimensional personality traits can assist in the selection and opti...

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most assortment effects were small, but correlations exceeding .40 were seen for a subset of traits, chiefly from the Openness and Agreeableness domains, which suggested that mate selection, rather than convergence over time, accounted for similarity.
Abstract: We examined patterns of trait similarity (assortative mating) in married couples in four cultures, using both self-reports and spouse ratings on versions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. There was evidence of a subtle but pervasive perceived contrast bias in the spouse-rating data. However, there was strong agreement across methods of assessment and moderate agreement across cultures in the pattern of results. Most assortment effects were small, but correlations exceeding .40 were seen for a subset of traits, chiefly from the Openness and Agreeableness domains. Except in Russia, where more positive assortment was seen for younger couples, comparisons of younger and older cohorts showed little systematic difference. This suggested that mate selection, rather than convergence over time, accounted for similarity. Future research on personality similarity in dyads can utilize different designs but should assess personality at both domain and the facet levels.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Self-monitoring showed some ability to account for individual differences in situational variability in the American sample, but not the Filipino sample, and the frequency of various Big Five behaviors varied across relevant situational contexts in both cultures.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sarason et al. as discussed by the authors attempted a hierarchical integration of several dispositional determinants of test anxiety (TA), namely the Big Five personality traits, core self-evaluations (CSE), and self-assessed intelligence (SAI).

88 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that the RC scales map onto the Five Factor Model of personality as hypothesized and in congruence with previous findings in personality and psychopathology.
Abstract: The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales (Tellegen et al., 2003) reflect a recent shift for this instrument toward the measurement of contemporary conceptualizations of psychopathology. The current investigation aimed to replicate and extend the theoretical and empirical linkage between the RC scales and dimensional models of personality and to investigate how well the RC scales conform to a higher-order structure of psychopathology. Participants were 271 psychiatric patients who had been administered the MMPI-2 and revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) as part of a routine psychological evaluation. The results indicated that the RC scales map onto the Five Factor Model of personality as hypothesized and in congruence with previous findings in personality and psychopathology. The RC scales conformed to a higher-order structure of internalizing, externalizing, and thought disturbance, replicating and extending previous work concerning hierarchical structures of psychopathology.

80 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These measures are closely related with regard to their relations with general and pathological personality dimensions, although the ENT scale may capture a slightly more pathological variant.
Abstract: Given the negative consequences of psychological entitlement, it is important to have a reliable and valid measure of the construct. We used an undergraduate sample (N = 271) to examine the Entitlement subscale (ENT) of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988) and the Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES; Campbell, Bonacci, Shelton, Exline, & Bushman, 2004) in relation to general personality traits (i.e., Revised NEO Personality Inventory; Costa & McCrae, 1992) and personality disorders (PDs; Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4; Hyler, 1994). We found similar personality correlates (e.g., disagreeableness; Cluster B PDs) for both measures, although ENT was comprised of greater disagreeableness and less warmth and positive affect. ENT was also more positively associated with schizoid and borderline PDs compared to the PES. Overall, these measures are closely related with regard to their relations with general and pathological personality dimensions, although the ENT scale may capture a slightly more pathological variant.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors sought to gain a better understanding of what self-critical (SC) perfectionism, assessed by the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), is measuring in a non-depressed sample of community adults (N = 223).

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the personality domains of the personality psychopathology five (PSY-5), an alternative model designed specifically to assess pathological traits, to the domain traits from the FFM in the prediction of the PD symptom counts.
Abstract: The five-factor model of personality (FFM), derived from personality trait psychology, is increasingly used to describe personality disorders (PDs). Critics have argued, however, that the personality traits of the FFM fail to capture adequately the full range of personality psychopathology. In this investigation, the personality domains of the personality psychopathology five (PSY-5), an alternative model designed specifically to assess pathological traits, were compared to the domain traits from the FFM in the prediction of the PD symptom counts. The personality traits from both dimensional models were assessed in a sample of 138 psychiatric patients with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R), respectively. Both instruments significantly predicted all 10 PD symptoms and contributed on average an additional 10% of the variance beyond that predicted by the other instrument. Whereas the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales were comparatively better predictors of paranoid, schizotypal, narcissistic and antisocial PD symptom counts, the NEO PI-R domain scales outperformed the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales in the prediction of borderline, avoidant and dependent PD symptom counts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dimensional measures of general personality may be a suitable alternative to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition and whether additional maladaptive traits would better define the domain of PDs remains an important objective for future research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results underscored the validity of the FFM Antisocial PD associations, but the hypothesized correlations between theFFM and Psychopathy were less supported, and supported the convergent validity ofThe ADP-IV and the VKP, both at the dimensional and categorical level.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relation of religion, defined in terms of Islamic Shiite creeds/rituals, Islamic Shiite morals, inclusion of transcendence, and symbolic processing, to the five-factor model of personality at the domain and facet levels as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory using a religiously homogeneous sample of 359 Iranian college students.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation of religion, defined in terms of Islamic Shiite creeds/rituals, Islamic Shiite morals, inclusion of transcendence, and symbolic processing, to the five-factor model of personality at the domain and facet levels as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory using a religiously homogeneous sample of 359 Iranian college students. Results indicated that all five Revised NEO Personality Inventory domains are significantly related to religion as measured across all four operationalizations of the construct used, though some sex differences were observed. Our findings support but also elaborate previous findings regarding the relation of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness to religion by demonstrating that facets of these domains are selectively associated with some indices of religion but not others. Angry Hostility was a negative predictor of Islamic morals. Warmth predicted Islamic creeds/rituals and Inclusion of Transcendence. Ideas was a po...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the replicability of the five-factor model and established a baseline profile of personality traits in Taiwanese adolescents using principal component analysis with varimax rotation.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2008
TL;DR: Defining a personality of a volunteer may assume significant importance in Phase 1 studies because participants who volunteer for Phase1 studies, differ from the general population in their personality characteristics.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the personality characteristics of a group of participants in Phase 1 studies and to study the relation between the personality traits and the adverse events during participation. Methods: Study population consisted of 139 healthy volunteers to Phase 1 studies. Personality was assessed through the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and adverse events were monitored during participation. Results: Participants showed lower levels of Neuroticism (p < 0.001), and higher levels of Extraversion (p < 0.001) and Openness to Experience (p < 0.001) than the norm. In the Neuroticism domain, participants were lower in anxiety (p < 0.001), angry-hostility (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), self-consciousness (p < 0.001) and vulnerability (p < 0.001), and higher in impulsiveness (p < 0.001). All facets of the Extraversion domain and all facets but "openness to esthetics" of the Openness to Experience domain were higher (p < 0.001) in the participants in relation to the norm. Participants were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on the overall Agreeableness domain, however, they were remarkably higher in altruism (p < 0.001) and trust (p - 0.001). Participants did not differ from the norm in the overall Conscientiousness domain, but they scored higher in competence (p < 0.001), achievement striving (p = 0.001) and self-discipline (p < 0.001). Females showed to report significantly more adverse events than males, and extraverted subjects showed to report less adverse events than introverted subjects. Conclusion: Participants who volunteer for Phase 1 studies, differ from the general population in their personality characteristics. Some personality characteristics may have an effect on the probability of reporting adverse events during participation. Therefore, defining a personality of a volunteer may assume significant importance in Phase 1 studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicated that response distortion compromised the utility of the NEO PI-R domain scales and the PPM and NPM scales and an NPM–PPM index significantly differentiated invalid under-and overreporting groups from a valid responding group.
Abstract: Schinka, Kinder, and Kremer developed "validity" scales for the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae) to detect underreporting-the Positive Presentation Management (PPM) Scale and overreporting-the Negative Presentation Management (NPM) Scale. In this investigation, the clinical utility of these scales was examined using the established validity scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher et al.) as the referent. The sample was composed of 370 psychiatric patients who completed the NEO PI-R and the MMPI-2 as part of a routine evaluation. Results indicated that response distortion compromised the utility of the NEO PI-R domain scales. Moreover, the PPM and NPM scales and an NPM-PPM index significantly differentiated invalid under-and overreporting groups from a valid responding group. The PPM and NPM-PPM index were adequate in classifying under- and overreporters, respectively.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The relationship of emotional intelligence, personality factors and Alexithymia with academic achievement of undergraduate technology students was examined in this paper, where they administered Revised NEO Personality Inventory, The Emotional Intelligence scales and Toronto Alexithmyia Scale (TAS-20).
Abstract: The relationship of emotional intelligence, personality Factors and Alexithymia with academic achievement of undergraduate technology students was examined. Two Parameters of students ‘academic achievement; Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) (N= 181) and Joint Engineering Examination (JEE) rank (N=438) were taken into account. They administered Revised NEO Personality Inventory, The Emotional Intelligence scales and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). CGPA was found negatively correlated with externally oriented thinking (EOT) and total score of Alexithymia. When reserved category students were excluded from the data 138 participants remained. Their JEE positions were not observed significantly correlated with most of the psychological constructs. Surprisingly, CGPA of this group was positively correlated with Neuroticism (probably due to Anxiety (NI). Though, the other big five factors were not significantly correlated with CGPA, but their facets, like warmth (E1), a facet of Extroversion; Straightforwardness (A2) Altruism (A3), facets of Agreeableness; and Dutifulness (C3) and Achievement Striving (C4), facets of conscientiousness have observed correlated.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Many patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) dismiss the idea that their seizures are psychogenic, especially if the correct diagnosis comes after years of treatment for epilepsy, but depending on the severity of PNES' nearly ubiquitous psychiatric comorbidities, you may be able to defuse patients' anger by following protocols for presenting the PNES diagnosis, as described here.
Abstract: Many patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) dismiss the idea that their seizures are psychogenic, especially if the correct diagnosis comes after years of treatment for epilepsy. (1) In a recent study of 164 patients diagnosed with PNES, 82% were readmitted to neurologic wards within the next 10 years. (2) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Getting patients to accept the diagnosis and appropriate treatment is possible, however. Depending on the severity of PNES' nearly ubiquitous psychiatric comorbidities, you may be able to defuse patients' anger by following protocols for presenting the PNES diagnosis, as described here. You can help PNES patients by: * differentiating PNES from other conditions * educating them to accept that psychological distress, not epilepsy, is causing their seizures * treating underlying psychiatric illness. CASE STUDY Is it epilepsy? Ms. P, age 61, is referred to a comprehensive epilepsy program for evaluation of unusual spells she's had since age 7 or 8. In childhood, the spells consisted of "spacey feelings" and epigastric discomfort. In her 30s she began to have other neurologic symptoms, such as numbness and tingling all over her body. At approximately age 50 she began experiencing confusional episodes lasting 1 to 2 minutes. A neurologist evaluated Ms. P after she had a spell while hospitalized for angiography at age 59. This spell consisted of left hand shaking and stiffness and inability to respond without loss of awareness. Her spells decreased briefly after she was prescribed topiramate, 100 mg bid, but became increasingly more frequent and severe. MRI indicated an abnormality of the right mesiotemporal lobe with subcortical cystic changes and slight atrophy. PET indicated subtle hypoperfusion of the right medial temporal lobe. She was referred to the epilepsy program with a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Comorbid psychopathology is the rule Although the precise incidence of PNES is unknown (Box 1), (1,3,4) nearly 100% of PNES patients have a history of psychiatric illness (Table 1). (5) The most commonly reported Axis I diagnoses are: * somatoform or dissociative disorders * affective disorders * anxiety disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (1) Depression is independently associated with poor quality of life whether patients have epilepsy or PNES. (6) Maladaptive personalities. Personality disorders frequently are associated with PNES. (1) One systematic assessment of 45 PNES patients found that the most common personality presentation is not a single disorder but a confluence of maladaptive personality traits. (5) In addition to DSM-IV-TR criteria, researchers have used other standard psychological assessments to examine PNES patients' personality traits. Typical results on the most commonly applied instrument--the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) (7)--show marked elevations on the hysteria and hypochondriasis scale and a less marked elevation on the depression scale, which forms the classic conversion V pattern. Nonconversion patterns also have been reported. (8) Studies conducted with the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) seem to confirm clusters of maladaptive personality styles among PNES patients. (7,8) Regardless of assessment technique, a PNES patient's personality tends to include emotional dysregulation and poor coping style. Reuber et al (2) found that PNES patients' outcomes may be correlated with different personality feature clusters. Patients who scored lower on the high-order personality dimensions--inhibitedness, emotional dysregulation, and compulsivity--had fewer psychiatric hospitalizations and were more likely to be seizure-free at follow-up. …