Showing papers on "Revised NEO Personality Inventory published in 2011"

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants in CTNNA2 associated with excitement-seeking

Abstract: The tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking, a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking. This trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct. Those who score high on measures of excitement-seeking are more likely to smoke, use other drugs, gamble, drive recklessly, have unsafe/unprotected sex and engage in other risky behaviors of clinical and social relevance. To identify common genetic variants associated with the Excitement-Seeking scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, we performed genome-wide association studies in six samples of European ancestry (N=7860), and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We identified a genome-wide significant association between the Excitement-Seeking scale and rs7600563 (P=2 × 10−8). This single-nucleotide polymorphism maps within the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene, which encodes for a brain-expressed α-catenin critical for synaptic contact. The effect of rs7600563 was in the same direction in all six samples, but did not replicate in additional samples (N=5105). The results provide insight into the genetics of excitement-seeking and risk-taking, and are relevant to hyperactivity, substance use, antisocial and bipolar disorders.

Are cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles meaningful? Differential item and facet functioning in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

Abstract: Measurement invariance is a prerequisite for confident cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in factor loadings and intercepts for the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa, Jr., & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in comparisons of college students in the United States (N = 261), Philippines (N = 268), and Mexico (N = 775). About 40%-50% of the items exhibited some form of DIF and item-level noninvariance often carried forward to the facet level at which scores are compared. After excluding DIF items, some facet scales were too short or unreliable for cross-cultural comparisons, and for some other facets, cultural mean differences were reduced or eliminated. The results indicate that considerable caution is warranted in cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles.

PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Are Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Personality Profiles Meaningful? Differential Item and Facet Functioning in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory

Abstract: Measurement invariance is a prerequisite for confident cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in factor loadings and intercepts for the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa, Jr., & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in comparisons of college students in the United States (N 261), Philippines (N 268), and Mexico (N 775). About 40%–50% of the items exhibited some form of DIF and item-level noninvariance often carried forward to the facet level at which scores are compared. After excluding DIF items, some facet scales were too short or unreliable for cross-cultural comparisons, and for some other facets, cultural mean differences were reduced or eliminated. The results indicate that considerable caution is warranted in cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles.

The influence of the weather on affective experience: An experience sampling study.

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between affective experiences and weather variables using an experience-sampling method. The moderating effects of personality and age on the relationship were also investigated. Two age groups of participants (students and elderly people) recorded their moods when signalled during 14 consecutive days on 7 randomly determined occasions per day. Hourly weather data (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and luminance) for the same period were obtained from the local weather station. Previously participants had completed the Estonian versions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Kallasmaa, Allik, Realo, & McCrae, 2000) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Allik & Realo, 1997). Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses showed that momentary ratings of positive and negative affect were weakly related to temperature, positive affect was also related to sunlight. However, momentary ratings of fatigue showed a distinct tendency for greater incidence of sleepiness in the cold and dark. Age group was one of the most important moderators of the weather-emotion models. The influence of weather on emotions interacted with being outdoors. Personality traits also explained a small portion of variance in the influence of weather on affective states.

A comparison of Agreeableness scores from the Big Five Inventory and the NEO PI-R: consequences for the study of narcissism and psychopathy.

Abstract: Despite being significantly correlated, there is evidence to suggest that the scales measuring Agreeableness from the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) do not capture identical constructs. More specifically, NEO PI-R Agreeableness contains content related to "honesty and humility" that is not contained by the BFI. In a sample of undergraduates (N = 290), the authors compared the correlations between these two measures of Agreeableness with traits from the HEXACO-PI-R as well as measures of narcissism, narcissistic personality disorder, and psychopathy. As expected, the two scores were significantly correlated but NEO PI-R Agreeableness manifested stronger correlations with the domains/facets of Honesty-Humility, narcissism/NPD, and aspects of psychopathy; these differences appear to be due primarily to the inclusion of the NEO PI-R facets of Straightforwardness and Modesty. These differences have important implications for the assessment and conceptualization of personality and personality disorder.

Personality Profiles and the “Russian Soul”: Literary and Scholarly Views Evaluated

Abstract: Many domestic and foreign observers have claimed that Russians have a unique constellation of personality traits that mirrors their distinctive historical and cultural experience. To examine the hypothesized uniqueness of Russian personality, members of the Russian Character and Personality Survey collected data from 39 samples in 33 administrative areas of the Russian Federation. Respondents (N = 7,065) identified an ethnically Russian adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the target using the Russian observer-rating version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The mean personality profile of Russians was very similar to the international average based on 50 different countries, debunking the myth of a unique Russian soul.The small variations from world norms did not converge with depictions of Russian national character in fiction and the scholarly literature. New items intended to capture distinctive, emic aspects of Russian personality provided no new information beyond...

Internet addiction based on personality characteristics of high school students in kerman, iran.

Abstract: B ackground: The new phenomenon of Internet addiction among teenagers and young adults is one of the modern addictions in industrial and post-industrial societies. The purpose of this research was to predict the Internet addiction based on the personality characteristics of high school students in Kerman. Methods: This research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included 538 male and female students in the second grade of high school in Kerman during 2010. The subjects were randomly selected by multistage clustering. Data was collected by two questionnaires including the five-factor Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Internet dependency questionnaire. The data was analyzed using ANOVA test and multivariable regression analysis . Findings: The findings showed a significant relationship between the personality trait of emotional stability and academic fields, i.e. students with higher emotional stability experience less negative emotions when confronting with problems. Therefore, it is less likely for them to alleviate the negative emotions by the extreme and obsessed usage of the Internet. In addition, it appears that the students with high extroversion scores prefer social, face to face interactions with other people to interaction with the virtual world. Conversely, more introvert students avoid interactions with other people due to their shyness. Thus, they communicate with the virtual world more . Conclusion: Three personality traits of loyalty, emotional stability, and extroversion are the most significant predictors of Internet addiction in high school students . Keywords: Internet addiction, Characteristics of personality, Students, Kerman.

Brief Report: Celebrity Worshipers and the Five-Factor Model of Personality

Abstract: In the second half of the twentieth century social critics observed that western societies were undergoing a seemingly unhealthy and pervasive trend: Real heroes were being replaced by celebrities--persons whose achievements amounted to little more than being able to sing, dance, and appear more photogenic than most (Boorstin, 1961; Fishwick, 1969). This trend continues, promoted first by radio and moving pictures, then by television and more modern technology. More recently, critics have decried a deliberate attempt on the part of television executives to create an entire society of celebrity worshipers, people who would follow the potentially harmful, uninformed advice sometimes offered by these dubious heroes, especially if it increased the sale of sponsored products (Bogart, 1980; Schickel, 1985). The development and publication of the Celebrity Worship Scale (CWS) triggered a modest amount of research aimed at determining the attitudes, traits and behaviors of those who "worshiped" at least one celebrity (McCutcheon, Lange, & Houran, 2002). A factor analysis revealed three factors consisting of 23 items. This revision of the CWS became known as the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS; Maltby, Houran, Lange, Ashe, & McCutcheon, 2002; Maltby, McCutcheon, Ashe, & Houran, 2001). The first factor or subscale was labeled "Entertainment-social (ES)," because its ten items implied that some persons are attracted to celebrities because they have entertainment value and they provide opportunities for conversation. Factor or subscale two was named the "Intense-personal (IP)" subscale because its nine items reflect a deeper, more intense involvement with one's favorite celebrity. Factor or subscale three, "Borderline-pathological, (Path)" consists of four items that, if agreed with, imply a problematic, parasocial relationship. Subsequent research has shown that the first factor, ES, is relatively benign, but those who score high on subscales two and three (IP and Path) are likely to exhibit attitudes and behaviors that are problematic. For example, Maltby, Giles, Barber and McCutcheon (2005) found that female adolescents who scored high on CAS IP (but not ES) tended to have a poor body image. Maltby, Day, McCutcheon, Houran and Ashe (2005) found that celebrity worship for Intense-personal reasons was correlated with fantasy proneness, and celebrity worship for Borderline-pathological reasons was linked to both fantasy proneness and dissociation. Maltby, Houran and McCutcheon (2003) found positive relationships between celebrity worship for Entertainment-social reasons and extraversion, one of the three dimensions of Eysenck's personality model (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). However, IP scores correlated positively with Eysenck's neuroticism traits, and Path scores correlated with Eysenckian psychoticism traits (Maltby, et al.). A study of coping with stress, general health and life satisfaction led to the conclusion that poor mental health was associated with high scores on CAS IP (Maltby, Day, McCutcheon, Gillett, Houran, & Ashe, 2004). In addition to finding that high CAS IP scores and high CAS Path scores predicted both depressive symptoms and higher anxiety, Maltby, McCutcheon, Ashe, and Houran (2001) also found an association between CAS ES and depressive symptoms. The five-factor trait approach to the study of personality represents a modern synthesis of some of the most important traits commonly used to describe human beings (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The five-factor model and the scales based on it are "well-established and widely used" (Batey, Chamorro-Premuzic, & Furnham, 2009, p. 62). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) measures the five-factor model of personality through five main domains (italicized), each subdivided into six facets or subscales (in brackets): (1) Neuroticism (Anxiety, Angry Hostility, Depression, Self-Consciousness, Impulsiveness and Vulnerability), (2) Extraversion (Warmth, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Activity, Excitement Seeking, and Positive Emotions), (3) Openness (Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Actions, Ideas and Values), (4) Agreeableness (Trust, Straightforwardness, Altruism, Compliance, Modesty and Tender-Mindedness), and (5) Conscientiousness (Competence, Order, Dutifulness, Achievement Striving, Self-discipline and Deliberation). …

Personality traits and affective morbidity in patients with bipolar I disorder: The five-factor model perspective

Abstract: In this study, we aimed to extend the present knowledge regarding the relationship of personality traits, as specified by the five-factor model (FFM), with the affective morbidity of bipolar I disorder. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the association of personality traits with affective morbidity, particularly with hospitalization for depressive, manic, or mixed episodes, in patients with bipolar I disorder. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory was administered to 83 subjects who showed a euthymic mood state. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed to identify associations between five domains of personality and the number of hospitalizations for affective episode(s) (manic, depressive, and mixed state). As a secondary research interest, we attempted to determine personality traits which would be significantly different between subjects with Affective Switch from mania into depression Without Euthymia (ASWE) and non-ASWE. The Neuroticism score was positively associated with the number of hospitalization for depression and the total number of hospitalizations Extraversion and Openness scores showed a negative relationship with the number of hospitalizations for depression and the total number of hospitalizations. We found that ASWE patients showed significantly higher Neuroticism scores than did the non-ASWE group. However, there was no significant association between the hospitalization for manic episode and any particular personality trait based on the FFM. This study reveals that personality traits based on the FFM may contribute to an increased likelihood of depressive morbidity and switch into depression.

Validation of the Basque Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R)

Abstract: Although personnel selection processes for Basque civil servants often involve the assessment of personality, there are currently no Basque self-report instruments that provide valid and reliable measures of the Big-Five factors of personality. The aim of this study was to validate the Basque version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992), by examining its psychometric properties. We assessed the dimensionality of the instrument, the convergent and discriminant validity, the temporal stability, and the internal consistency of each dimension. Relationships between NEO PI-R domains and other variables (i.e., gender and age) were also examined. The sample was composed of 1,790 participants (1,031 women and 759 men), whose ages ranged between 16 and 65. Results suggest that the Basque version of NEO PI-R allows assessing personality from the Big-Five framework in a valid and accurate way. The age and gender pattern of personality domains are in consonance with previous findi...

A (re)-evaluation of the symptom structure of borderline personality disorder.

Abstract: Objective: Despite evidence of significant symptom heterogeneity and excessive diagnostic comorbidity, many contend that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is unidimensional, an assumption that rests primarily on results from factor analytic investigations of BPD symptom criteria. We note several limitations in the literature and argue that the symptom structure of BPD can be best clarified by using both factor analytic techniques and examining the BPD symptom dimensions in relation to external criteria (that is, personality traits). Our goals were to: examine if the symptoms of BPD are best conceptualized as unidimensional or multidimensional, and determine the extent to which personality traits account for any symptom dimensions that underlie BPD. Method: All published structural models of the BPD symptom criteria were identified and tested for statistical fit using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 373 patients who had completed the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Axis II Personality Questionnaire BPD scale. Dimensions from the best fitting model were examined in relation to traits from the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) using correlational and regression analyses. Results: Sanislow's 3-factor model, containing affect dysregulation, behavioural dysregulation, and disturbed relations symptom dimensions, provided the best fit; the unidimensional model produced the worst. The symptom dimensions of the 3-factor model were differentiable from one another and had unique associations with the FFM and PSY-5 personality traits. Conclusion: BPD is a multidimensional construct. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(9):530-539. Clinical Implications * BPD is a heterogeneous diagnostic construct and the dimensions that underlie it need to be considered. * In the treatment of BPD, clinicians should consider which set of symptoms predominant their patient's clinical picture, which might inform the target of intervention. * Assessment of personality traits may serve useful in identifying symptom type and in directing treatment. Limitations * The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Axis Il Personality Questionnaire, like most BPD diagnostic measures, has a limited number of variables assessing each of the symptom criterion. * Our analyses may not generalize to interview measures or other self-report measures. * It is possible that different results may emerge in a sample of patients with a primary diagnosis of BPD. Key Words: personality, personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, symptom structure, confirmatory factor analysis, Five-Factor Model Abbreviations AlC Akaike information criterion BIC Bayesian information criterion BPD borderline personality disorder CFA confirmatory factor analysis DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders EFA exploratory factor analysis FFM Five-Factor Model MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory NEO-PI-R Revised NEO Personality Inventory PD personality disorder PSY-5 Personality Psychopathology Five SCID-PQ Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersAxis Il Personality Questionnaire One of the most frequently studied PDs,1 BPD first appeared in the third edition of the DSM.2 Since that time, the BPD diagnostic criteria have remained mostly unchanged; the only significant modification was the addition of a ninth criterion - stress-related paranoia or dissociative symptoms - in DSM-IV. Although the DSM-5 PD Work Group has proposed a radical reworking of Axis II in DSM-5, replacing the polythetic algorithm for PD diagnosis (for example, at least 5 of the 9 criteria for a diagnosis of BPD) with a prototype matching system, all 9 of the BPD criteria in DSM-IV are represented in the proposed BPD type description on which the prototype matching is based. …

The NEO PI-R as a Premorbid Baseline Measure

Abstract: : The United States Air Force (USAF) uses measures of personality based on the Big Five model when psychologically assessing pilots. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a "Big Five" measure, includes Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and is used as the operational assessment tool when considering issues of suitability. This study compared data from a large USAF pilot sample to the nationally representative normative population to support the use of both sets of norms in clinical evaluation. Specifically, this study examined differences in descriptive statistics, correlations, and factor structures between the sample from USAF pilots and the commercially published norms. Comparisons using gender norms were made in addition to comparisons using combined norms. An initial sample of 12,702 USAF pilot training candidates was administered the NEO PI-R prior to the 53 weeks of Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training. All USAF pilot training candidates were either college graduates or enrolled in college and nearing graduation; many had private pilot licenses or had completed some portion of private pilot license training including flight hours in light aircraft. Results demonstrated that the factor structures were similar, indicating that the test is measuring the personality constructs of interest. Correlations among the domain scores were different, and the means for some domain and facet scores were different, indicating that the pilot sample should be considered in addition to national norms for clinical evaluation. These important differences argue for the compilation of a comprehensive set of pilot norms to be used by clinicians performing personality assessments of pilots.

No association between CLOCK gene 3111C/T polymorphism and personality traits in healthy Japanese subjects.

Abstract: THE CLOCK GENE 3111 C/T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with human diurnal preference and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, specific personality traits may be correlated with psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, we hypothesized that the CLOCK gene could be a candidate for the personality-related gene and investigated the association between CLOCK and personality traits in Japanese healthy subjects. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo. All participants provided written informed consent. All participants were unrelated Japanese subjects. The subjects consisted of 383 healthy volunteers (139 men and 244 women; mean age 35.4 11.2 years [mean SD]) recruited from the staff of several mental and general hospitals around Tokyo. We genotyped the CLOCK gene 3111C/T polymorphism (rs1801260) using the TaqMan assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, USA). Personality traits were evaluated by using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). The associations between scores for the NEO PI-R factors and genotypes were statistically analyzed by ANCOVA with sex and age as covariates. The genotype distributions did not deviate significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Because the frequency of the homozygotes for the C allele of CLOCK was very low, we also compared scores for the NEO PI-R factors between T/T genotype and C allele carrier (C/T and C/C genotypes) groups. No significant difference in the scores for the NEO PI-R factors was observed among the three genotype groups or between T/T genotype and C allele carrier groups (Table 1). Our study did not provide evidence for the association between the CLOCK gene 3111 C/T polymorphism and personality traits in the Japanese population. REFERENCES