Showing papers on "Revised NEO Personality Inventory published in 2013"

General and maladaptive traits in a five-factor framework for DSM-5 in a university student sample.

Abstract: The relationships between two measures proposed to describe personality pathology, that is the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), are examined in an undergraduate sample (N = 240). The NEO inventories are general trait measures, also considered relevant to assess disordered personality, whereas the PID-5 measure is specifically designed to assess pathological personality traits, as conceptualized in the DSM-5 proposal. A structural analysis of the 25 PID-5 traits confirmed the factor structure observed in the U.S. derivation sample, with higher order factors of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. A joint factor analysis of, respectively, the NEO domains and their facets with the PID-5 traits showed that general and maladaptive traits are subsumed under an umbrella of five to six major dimensions that can be interpreted from the perspective of the five-factor model or the Personality Psychopathology Five. Implications for the assessment of personality pathology and the construction of models of psychopathology grounded in personality are discussed.

Personality Traits and Chronic Disease: Implications for Adult Personality Development

Abstract: Objective Personality traits have been associated with chronic disease Less is known about the longitudinal relation between personality and disease and whether chronic disease is associated with changes in personality Method Participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 2,008) completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and a standard medical interview at regularly scheduled visits; the Charlson Comorbidity Index, a weighted sum of 19 serious diseases, was derived from this interview Using data from 6,685 visits, we tested whether personality increased risk of disease and whether disease was associated with personality change Results Measured concurrently, neuroticism and conscientiousness were associated with greater disease burden The impulsiveness facet of neuroticism was the strongest predictor of developing disease across the follow-up period: For every standard deviation increase in impulsiveness, there was a 26% increased risk of developing disease and a 36% increased risk of getting more ill Personality traits changed only modestly with disease: As participants developed chronic illnesses, they became more conservative (decreased openness) Discussion This research indicates that personality traits confer risk for disease, in part, through health-risk behaviors These traits, however, were relatively resistant to the effect of serious disease

The Communication Styles Inventory (CSI): A six-Dimensional Behavioral Model of Communication Styles and Its Relation With Personality

Abstract: In this study, a six-dimensional model of communication styles is proposed and operationalized using the Communication Styles Inventory (CSI). The CSI distinguishes between six domain-level communicative behavior scales, Expressiveness, Preciseness, Verbal Aggressiveness, Questioningness, Emotionality, and Impression Manipulativeness, each consisting of four facet-level scales. Based on factor and item analyses, the CSI is shown to be an adequate instrument, with all reliabilities of the domain-level scales surpassing the .80 level. Consistent with the behavioral view espoused in this study, the CSI scales showed medium to high levels of convergent validity with lexical communication marker scales and behavior-oriented communication scales and discriminant validity with nonbehavioral intrapersonal cognitions and feelings vis-a-vis communication. In addition, personality, as operationalized using the HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), was fo...

A longitudinal study of the relationship between personality traits and the annual rate of volume changes in regional gray matter in healthy adults

Abstract: To investigate whether personality traits affect the rate of decline of gray matter volume, we analyzed the relationships between personality traits and the annual rate of changes of gray matter volume in 274 healthy community dwelling subjects with a large age range by applying a longitudinal design over 6 years, using brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) at baseline. Brain MRI data were processed using voxel-based morphometry with a custom template by applying the DARTEL diffeomorphic registration tool. For each subject, we used NEO-PI-R to evaluate the five major personality traits, including neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The results show that the annual rate of change in regional gray matter volume in the right inferior parietal lobule was correlated significantly and negatively with a personality of openness, which is known to be related to intellect, intellectual curiosity, and creativity adjusting for age, gender, and intracranial volume. This result indicates that subjects with a personality trait of less openness have an accelerated loss of gray matter volume in the right inferior parietal lobule, compared with subjects with a personality trait of more openness. Because the right inferior parietal lobule is involved in higher cognitive function such as working memory and creativity, a personality trait of openness is thought to be important for preserving gray matter volume and cognitive function of the right inferior parietal lobule in healthy adults.

Big Five Content Representation of the Japanese Version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory

Abstract: The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is a widely used, very brief measure of the Big Five personality dimensions (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003). Recently, Oshio, Abe and Cutrone (2012) developed and validated a Japanese version of the TIPI. The present study focuses on evaluating the content validity of the TIPI-J with respect to the thirty facets of the Japanese version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R-J). 163 Japanese undergraduates (67 males and 96 females) completed the TIPI-J and the NEO-PI-R-J. The convergent correlations between the TIPI-J and the Big Five dimensions of the NEO-PI-R-J were as follows: r = 0.65 (Extraversion), r = 0.49 (Agreeableness), r = 0.63 (Conscientiousness), r = 0.70 (Neuroticism), and r = 0.46 (Openness). Twenty-eight of thirty facets of the NEO-PI-R-J correlated positively with equivalent scales of the TIPI-J. A joint factor analysis of the five scales of the TIPI-J with the thirty facets of the NEO-PI-R-J showed clear indicators for the five known superordinate dimensions of personality in both scales. Results indicated that the TIPI-J provides an adequate representation of the Big Five dimensions of personality and correlates sufficiently well with the larger scale NEO-PI-R-J.

Searching for Tomorrow's Innovators: Profiling Creative Adolescents

Abstract: Profiling may be a viable means of identifying those creative adolescents who can benefit from specialized guidance and exploration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, arts, and human services. The experimenters developed 1 general and 5 specific profiles including interest, personality, and achievement variables based on the profiles of eminent people in five domains of creative endeavor. Educators of gifted students at schools throughout a Midwestern state identified 485 students to attend a research through service counseling laboratory. One cohort received the Vocational Preference Inventory, the Personality Research Form, and the Tellegen Absorption Scale, and a second cohort received the VPI, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO- PI-R), and Tellegen Absorption Scale. For each cohort, descriptive data were gathered and principal components analyses were performed on scales of interest and personality inventories. In addition, a cluster analysis was performed for ...

Low Openness on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory as a Risk Factor for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Abstract: Background Recently, we reported that low reward dependence, and to a lesser extent, low cooperativeness in the Temperature and Character Inventory (TCI) may be risk factors for treatment-resistant depression. Here, we analyzed additional psychological traits in these patients.

Personality Traits and Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract: Background and Aims: Both personality changes and behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPS) may be associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in later life and help identify incipient dementia. We wished to investigate the links between personality and BPS in MCI. Method: We studied premorbid personality traits as estimated 5 years back and their changes in 83 control subjects and 52 MCI patients using the revised NEO Personality Inventory for the Five-Factor Model completed by a proxy. Information on BPS was obtained using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Analyses were controlled for current depression and anxiety. Results: Premorbid neuroticism and openness to experience were associated with the total NPI score. The changes in neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, and conscientiousness were associated with apathy and affective symptoms. Conclusions: Personality changes and BPS occur in MCI. The occurrence of affective BPS and apathy is associated with both premorbid personality traits and their changes.

African Cultures and the Five-Factor Model of Personality Evidence for a Specific Pan-African Structure and Profile?

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess if a specific personality structure and personality profile might be observed in Africa comparing data from four African regions (N = 1,774) with data from Burkina Faso (N = 717) and Switzerland (N = 1,787), according to the Five-Factor Model (FFM). A total of 4,278 participants completed the French version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) made up of 240 items. Concerning the structure, a recombination of Extraversion and Agreeableness in two factors labeled Love and Dominance was observed before targeted factor analyses. After Procrustes rotation, the Swiss factorial structure replicated well in Africa. The only specificity was that the Excitement Seeking facet scale loaded consistently on the Openness factor in Africa. However, personality structures obtained in different African regions were not more similar among themselves than they were to the structure found in Switzerland. Finally, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the...

Revised NEO Personality Inventory normative data for police officer selection.

Abstract: The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) has demonstrated utility in the personnel selection context. Its use in police officer selection has been relatively limited, in part, because there are no published normative data for the NEO PI-R for police officer applicants. The authors present normative data on NEO PI-R domain and facet scores for a large sample (N = 288) of police officer applicants in a large, urban, Midwestern police department who completed the NEO PI-R as part of a preemployment psychological evaluation. Applicants reported low levels of Neuroticism and high levels of Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism and Conscientiousness scores were strongly and consistently correlated with the Positive Presentation Management (PPM) research validity scale of the NEO PI-R. Extraversion and Agreeableness scores were moderately and less consistently correlated with PPM. These data may serve as a normative comparison group for professionals and researchers who use or may want to use the NEO PI-R in the police officer selection context.

Dopamine D4 receptor gene variation impacts self-reported altruism.

Abstract: In this journal, Bachner-Melman et al.1 reported that the 48-bp variable number of tandem repeat in the third exon of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4 VNTR) is associated with self-reported altruism. Despite mounting evidence for a role of dopamine in prosocial behavior,2, 3, 4 this result has not been replicated yet, perhaps because of the rare usage of the applied Selflessness Scale. Here, we report a conceptual replication of the association between DRD4 VNTR and altruism measured with the well-established Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; see Strobel et al.2).

Personality Pathology as a Risk Factor for Negative Health Perception

Abstract: Previous findings suggest that self-perception of health relates to many physical health outcomes, including mortality. Many factors appear to shape health perceptions, such as personality. Little research, however, has focused on whether personality pathology may affect perceived health. This preliminary study examined the unique effects of personality pathology on health perceptions beyond those of objective health and normal personality factors. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, the authors examined data from a representative sample (N = 697) of St. Louis residents (ages 55–64) who were identified using standard epidemiological methods. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Health Status Inventory were used to collect reports of health perceptions, chronic illnesses, and physical functioning. Personality traits were measured with the revised NEO Personality Inventory, and personality disorders were assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality. Number of physical illnesses,...

Personality and personality disorders in urban and rural Africa: results from a field trial in burkina faso.

Abstract: Several studies have observed that the structure underlying both normal personality and personality disorders is stable across cultures. Most of this cross-cultural research was conducted in Western and Asian cultures. In Africa, the few studies were conducted with well-educated participants using French or English instruments. No research was conducted in Africa with less privileged or preliterate samples. The aim of this research was to study the structure and expression of normal and abnormal personality in an urban and a rural sample in Burkina Faso. The sample included 1750 participants, with a sub-sample from the urban area of Ouagadougou (n = 1249) and another sub-sample from a rural village, Soumiaga (n = 501). Most participants answered an interview consisting of a Moore language adaptation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and of the International Personality Disorders Examination. A sub-sample completed the same instruments in French. Demographic variables only have a small impact on normal and abnormal personality traits. The structure underlying normal personality was unstable across regions and languages, illustrating that translating a complex psychological inventory into a native African language is a very difficult task. The structure underlying abnormal personality was stable across regions, scales reaching even metric equivalence. As scalar equivalence was not reached, mean differences cannot be interpreted. Nevertheless, these differences could be due to an exaggerated expression of abnormal traits valued in the two cultural settings. Our results suggest that studies using a different methodology should be conducted to understand what is considered, in different cultures, as deviating from the expectations of the individual’s culture, and as a significant impairment in self and interpersonal functioning, as defined by the DSM-5.

Defining Characteristics of Creative Women

Abstract: This study was an effort to identify correlates of creativity in women. A sample of 447 college students were given the picture completion subtest of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, the How Do You Think Test, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, the Family Environment Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Second Edition. Results provide evidence of gender differences in creative potential favoring men. Creativity in both men and women in the study was associated with openness, extraversion, resistance to social demands, substantial personal powerfulness, high energy, and impulsivity. Unique to men were correlations between creativity and overall self satisfaction, insensitivity to criticism, and distinctly unusual cognition. A review of the correlates of creativity in women reveals quite a mixed picture. In women, creativity was correlated with harshly self-critical judgments regarding their ability to live up to others’ expectatio...

Validation of the FFM PD count technique for screening personality pathology in later middle-aged and older adults

Abstract: Research on the applicability of the five factor model (FFM) to capture personality pathology coincided with the development of a FFM personality disorder (PD) count technique, which has been validated in adolescent, young, and middle-aged samples. This study extends the literature by validating this technique in an older sample. Five alternative FFM PD counts based upon the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) are computed and evaluated in terms of both convergent and divergent validity with the Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders Questionnaire (shortly ADP-IV; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth edition). For the best working count for each PD normative data are presented, from which cut-off scores are derived. The validity of these cut-offs and their usefulness as a screening tool is tested against both a categorical (i.e., the DSM-IV – Text Revision), and a dimensional (i.e., the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology; DAPP) measure of persona...

Personality assessment in a diverse urban sample.

Abstract: Personality traits – our characteristic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving – have been implicated in disease progression and health outcomes In particular, the traits that define the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, are associated with inflammation (Chapman et al, 2009; Sutin et al, 2010), obesity (Sutin, Ferrucci, Zonderman, & Terracciano, 2011), cardiovascular disease (Strike & Steptoe, 2004), and, ultimately, longevity (Kern & Friedman, 2008; Terracciano, Lockenhoff, Zonderman, Ferrucci, & Costa, 2008) The pervasiveness of these traits and their relevance to health outcomes make them a promising avenue for examining the role of psychological factors in health in vulnerable populations Some traits, for example, may ameliorate health disparities, whereas others may exacerbate them To address questions about the role of personality in health outcomes across different demographic groups, it is imperative to have a measurement tool that assesses these traits reliably in the populations of interest Personality measures have typically been constructed and validated using college students or other educated adults (Costa & McCrae, 1992; John & Srivastava, 1999) Less research has addressed the psychometric properties of established personality measures in ethnically and socioeconomically diverse populations, especially among those with low levels of literacy The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) is a well-replicated measure of FFM personality traits (Costa & McCrae, 1992) Cross-cultural evidence suggests that the NEO-PI-R reliably assesses personality traits across different populations and that nations as diverse as Burkina Faso and Iceland share a similar factor structure to the normative American structure (McCrae et al, 2005) These studies, however, despite their diversity of culture, typically rely on college students at respondents Thus, despite providing knowledge about the universal structure of personality, they do not address personality assessment in populations that vary greatly in literacy Data quality and the factor structure of the NEO-PI-R tend to be similar across sex and age (Costa & McCrae, 1992) but may vary across other demographic groups African American samples, for example, tend to have a higher percentage of NEO-PI-R assessments judged invalid and higher acquiescence (ie, the tendency to agree with items regardless of their content; Savla, Davey, Costa, & Whitfield, 2007) Invalidity and acquiescence, however, may be more strongly related to education than to ethnicity (Lockenhoff et al, 2008) Internal consistency of the five personality factors tend to be slightly lower among African Americans (Savla et al, 2007) and in populations with lower levels of education, regardless of ethnicity (Lockenhoff et al, 2008) Finally, congruence with the normative factor structure tends to be fairly high, but African American samples have slightly lower congruence coefficients for Extraversion and Openness to Experience, suggesting that perhaps the items in these domains do not measure these traits as well for African Americans as for White participants (Salva et al, 2007) Less research has addressed the issue of literacy in personality assessment The factor structure of the NEO-PI-R has been clearly replicated in samples with lower levels of education (Allik & McCrae, 2004; Trobst et al, 2000) Although related, literacy and education are not equivalent, and in some domains literacy may be more important than education in predicting outcomes of interest (eg, cognitive performance; Byrd, Jacobs, Hilton, Stern, & Manly, 2005) Personality assessment relies heavily on the respondent’s ability to comprehend and respond to the meaning of the items Data quality and factor structure may thus be compromised for individuals with lower levels of literacy who may have difficulty understanding questions about their personality The present research examines the data quality and factor structure of personality traits measured with the NEO-PI-R in a socioeconomically diverse urban sample In addition to the total sample, we test data quality in a number of demographic groups – African American and White participants above and below 125% of the federal poverty line – and in those with higher and lower literacy We evaluated the assessment on several dimensions, including percentage of invalid NEO-PI-Rs, acquiescence, internal consistency, and factor congruence with the normative sample We also performed a readability analysis on the items of the NEO by factor to determine reading level of each factor We expected these indices to be somewhat lower in those with lower SES and lower literacy

Parental emotional warmth and career decision-making difficulties: A model of intellectual-cultural orientation and conscientiousness

Abstract: We used a mediation model and an integrated, moderated mediation model to examine the effects of parental emotional warmth, intellectual-cultural orientation in family factors, and conscientiousness on the career decision-making difficulties of Chinese college students. We tested 1,196 undergraduate students by employing the conscientiousness subscale of the Chinese version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ), the revised Chinese version of the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran scale (EMBU), and the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV). Our results showed that, in the mediation model, parental emotional warmth had an indirect effect on college students’ career decision-making difficulties through the mediation of conscientiousness. In the integrated model, this indirect effect was moderated by an intellectual-cultural orientated family environment.

Personality and place

Abstract: This paper examines the distribution of national personality dimensions in geographical space. The relationship between geographical location and aggregate personality in a wide range of nations is quantified using spatial autocorrelation, and it is found that the personalities of nations that are geographical neighbours are more similar than those that are far apart. The five factors of both the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI), all show a significant degree of spatial organization. The personality factors most strongly associated with geographical location are NEO-PI-R extraversion and BFI conscientiousness; both vary with position around the globe about as much as the physical climate. These findings support previous research suggesting associations between aggregate personality and geography, and imply that the sources of variation in national personality are themselves geographically organized.

The interaction of maternal personality traits and intimate partner violence as influences on maternal representations

Abstract: Maternal representations of the infant and self-as-mother predict attachment security and may be differentially influenced by environmental stressors such as intimate partner violence (IPV), but no study has yet examined potential direct and interactive effects of maternal personality. Maternal representations (Working Model of the Child Interview; C.H. Zeanah, D. Benoit, L. Hirshberg, M.L. Barton, & C. Regan, 1994), maternal personality (Revised NEO Personality Inventory; P.T. Costa & R.R. McCrae, 1992), and experiences of domestic violence (Severity of Violence Against Women Scales; L. Marshall, 1992) were assessed in a community sample of 180 women during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Logistic regression analyses assessed main and interaction effects of personality traits and IPV exposure on maternal representations in pregnancy and stability and change over the first year of life. Maternal openness and agreeableness increased the odds of balanced prenatal representations while extraversion predicted change from nonbalanced to balanced representations when the child was age 1 year. The relationship with conscientiousness and openness was moderated by IPV exposure. The authors conclude that the interaction of IPV and maternal personality has significant implications for the earliest substrates of parenting. Future research may include maternal personality variables to further explicate their role as broad predictors of caregiving representations. Clarification of the role of neuroticism is needed. These findings may inform the development of family-based interventions targeting caregiving and insecure attachment relationships. Abstracts translated in Spanish, French, German, and Japanese can be found on the abstract page of each article on Wiley Online Library at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imhj.

The NEO-PI-R in South Africa

Abstract: The first edition of the Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Inventory (NEO-I) was published in 1978. The NEO-I consisted of 3 domain scales (Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness to Experience) and 18 facet scales. In 1983, 18 item domain scales measuring Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were added, and around 1985 a revised version was produced, the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). The next revision occurred in the late 1980s and was published in 1990 as the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). In 1990, the facet scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were completed and 10 items in the original NEO were modified. The 30 facet scales of the NEO-PI-R were chosen to represent constructs frequently identified in the psychological literature that embody important distinctions in each of the 5 domains (Costa & McCrae, 1992). At this time another instrument was created, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Most recently the NEO-Personality Inventory-y3 (NEO-PI-3) has been released. The NEO-PI-R is based on the idea that personality traits are arranged in hierarchies from very broad to very narrow, and that both highly general (domain) and relatively specific (facet) traits should be assessed. The constructs measured by the NEO-PI-R are not original discoveries and were not intended as such. Rather, the developers searched the available psychological literature to identify traits and dispositions that were important to personality theorists, that were represented as trait terms in the natural English language and that appeared in personality research literature. Items were then developed to tap those constructs. Costa and McCrae (1992) employed a modified rational approach to scale construction. Although item analyses began with a pool of items constructed rationally, final item selection was based on extensive item analyses using factor analytic techniques. The NEO-PI-R The NEO-PI-R is a self-report instrument consisting of 240 items and requiring approximately 45 minutes to complete. It is available in two forms: Form S, which is an instrument for self-rating, and Form R, which is used for rating someone else.

A New Model with NEO PI-R for Emotion Simulations

Abstract: The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest in research on human emotion modeling for generating intelligent virtual agents. This paper proposes a novel personality model based on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Compared to the popular Big-Five-Personality Factors (BIG5) model, our proposed model is more capable than BIG5 on describing a variety of personalities. Combining with emotion models it helps to produce more reasonable emotional reaction to external stimuli. A Resistant formulation is also proposed to effectively simulate the complicated negative emotions.

The construct validity of the mmpi-2/mmpi-2-rf restructured clinical (rc) scales and the assessment of personality disorders

Abstract: The current study examined the construct validity of the Restructured Clinical (RC) scales (Tellegen et al., 2003) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) and MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) and the assessment of personality disorders. Tellegen et al. (2003) constructed the RC scales to address the perceived psychometric limitations of the Clinical scales and to measure the core psychological constructs of each of the Clinical scales whilst enhancing convergent and particularly discriminant validity. Tellegen et al.'s project resulted in the development of nine RC scales that were designed to be independent of the pervasive influence of the first factor, more distinctive and a more accurate measure of the core psychological constructs the original Clinical scales were designed to measure. This study utilised a forensic sample (n = 83) in order to analyse the construct validity of the RC scales when compared to the Structured Clinical Interview for the fourth edition of the DSM (DSM-IV; APA, 1994) Axis II Disorders-Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II PQ; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams & Benjamin, 1997) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992). The findings for this study demonstrated the construct validity of the RC scales when compared to the SCID-II PQ personality disorder raw scores and the NEO-PI-R domain and facet scales. The RC scales also accounted for additional variance over the NEO-PI-R domain scales for 8 out of the 10 SCID-II PQ personality disorder raw scores and provided a clinically accurate profile of personality disorders when expressed in their more pathological variants in a forensic population. The findings provide strong support for the construct validity of the MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF RC scales and the assessment of personality disorders in a forensic setting. The results also support the aims of Tellegen et al. to create a set of scales that accurately measure the core psychological constructs of the Clinical scales whilst enhancing convergent and discriminant validity.